加密貨幣和比特幣：關於正在成為頭條新聞的數位貨幣，您需要了解的一切

加密貨幣是一種由密碼學保護的數位或虛擬貨幣，這使得幾乎不可能偽造或雙重花費。

A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, making it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks and utilize blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that is maintained by a vast network of computers.

加密貨幣是一種由密碼學保護的數位或虛擬貨幣，幾乎不可能偽造或雙重支付。加密貨幣在去中心化網路上運行，並利用區塊鏈技術，這是一種由龐大的電腦網路維護的分散式帳本。

Bitcoin is the name of the most well-known cryptocurrency, and it is the one for which blockchain technology was initially created. Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrency is not backed by any intrinsic value and cannot be redeemed for another commodity, such as gold. It exists solely in the digital realm and has no physical form. The total supply of Bitcoin is determined by the protocol itself, rather than being controlled by a central bank.

比特幣是最知名的加密貨幣的名稱，也是區塊鏈技術最初創建的加密貨幣。與傳統貨幣不同，加密貨幣沒有任何內在價值支持，也不能兌換成另一種商品，例如黃金。它僅存在於數位領域，沒有物理形式。比特幣的總供應量由協議本身決定，而不是由中央銀行控制。

While India is currently working on establishing a framework for cryptocurrencies, until this framework is enacted, cryptocurrencies are not considered illegal in the country. In 2022, the government announced a flat tax of 30% on any gains arising from cryptocurrency transactions. However, it is important to note that taxing income from cryptocurrencies does not explicitly legalize cryptocurrencies themselves.

雖然印度目前正在努力建立加密貨幣框架，但在該框架頒布之前，加密貨幣在該國並不被視為非法。 2022 年，政府宣布對加密貨幣交易產生的任何收益徵收 30% 的統一稅。然而，值得注意的是，對加密貨幣收入徵稅並不明確地使加密貨幣本身合法化。

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has expressed skepticism regarding the use of private crypto assets and views them as a major threat to the macroeconomic and financial stability of the country.

印度儲備銀行（RBI）對私人加密資產的使用表示懷疑，並將其視為對該國宏觀經濟和金融穩定的主要威脅。

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has repeatedly emphasized that cryptocurrency issued by private entities cannot be considered currency. According to her statement, currency will only be recognized when the Reserve Bank of India issues a digital currency.]

財政部長 Nirmala Sitharaman 多次強調，私人實體發行的加密貨幣不能被視為貨幣。根據她的聲明，只有當印度儲備銀行發行數位貨幣時，貨幣才會得到承認。

Private digital currencies, virtual currencies, and crypto currencies have gained significant popularity over the past decade. However, regulators and governments have been skeptical about these currencies and are concerned about the associated risks.

私人數位貨幣、虛擬貨幣和加密貨幣在過去十年中獲得了極大的普及。然而，監管機構和政府一直對這些貨幣持懷疑態度，並擔心相關風險。

On March 4, 2021, the Supreme Court set aside an RBI circular dated April 6, 2018, which prohibited banks and entities regulated by the RBI from providing services related to virtual currencies. This decision allowed banks and other regulated entities to once again engage with cryptocurrency exchanges and other businesses.

2021 年 3 月 4 日，最高法院撤銷了印度儲備銀行 (RBI) 2018 年 4 月 6 日發出的通知，該通知禁止受印度儲備銀行 (RBI) 監管的銀行和實體提供與虛擬貨幣相關的服務。這項決定允許銀行和其他受監管實體再次參與加密貨幣交易所和其他業務。

Currently, crypto assets are largely unregulated in India. However, they are regulated to some extent from the perspective of anti-money laundering law. Additionally, income tax and TDS are levied on earnings from trading in such virtual digital assets, and GST is levied on cryptocurrency exchanges.

目前，加密資產在印度基本上不受監管。但從反洗錢法的角度對其進行了一定程度的規制。此外，還對此類虛擬數位資產交易的收入徵收所得稅和 TDS，並對加密貨幣交易所徵收消費稅。

In July 2023, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated that any effective regulation or ban on cryptocurrency would require "international collaboration."

2023 年 7 月，財政部長 Nirmala Sitharaman 表示，任何對加密貨幣的有效監管或禁令都需要「國際合作」。

Earlier, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had proposed a ban on cryptocurrency, but this was set aside by a court order. The RBI considers cryptocurrencies to be a huge risk to financial stability and monetary stability. Last month, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das expressed concern that such virtual assets may lead to a situation where the central bank loses control of the money supply in the economy.

早些時候，印度儲備銀行（RBI）曾提議禁止加密貨幣，但這項提議被法院命令擱置。印度儲備銀行認為加密貨幣對金融穩定和貨幣穩定構成巨大風險。上個月，印度儲備銀行行長沙克蒂坎塔·達斯(Shaktikanta Das)表示擔心此類虛擬資產可能導致央行失去對經濟中貨幣供應的控制。

The RBI has recommended that crypto assets should be prohibited. According to the RBI, crypto assets are by definition borderless and require international collaboration to prevent regulatory arbitrage. Therefore, any legislation for regulation or for banning can be effective only with significant international collaboration on evaluation of the risks and benefits and evolution of common taxonomy and standards.

印度儲備銀行建議禁止加密資產。印度儲備銀行表示，加密資產本質上是無國界的，需要國際合作來防止監管套利。因此，任何監管或禁止立法只有在評估風險和利益以及共同分類法和標準的演變方面進行重大國際合作才能有效。

Currently, an inter-ministerial group (IMG), comprising officials from the RBI, Sebi, and the Finance Ministry, is looking into a wider policy for cryptocurrencies. A discussion paper from the IMG is awaited, which will give the stakeholders an opportunity to give their views before India decides on its policy stance on cryptocurrencies.

目前，由印度儲備銀行、印度央行和財政部官員組成的一個部際小組 (IMG) 正在研究更廣泛的加密貨幣政策。 IMG 正在等待一份討論文件，這將使利益相關者有機會在印度決定其加密貨幣政策立場之前發表意見。