加密货币和比特币：关于正在成为头条新闻的数字货币，您需要了解的一切

加密货币是一种由密码学保护的数字或虚拟货币，这使得几乎不可能伪造或双重花费。

A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, making it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks and utilize blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that is maintained by a vast network of computers.

加密货币是一种由密码学保护的数字或虚拟货币，几乎不可能伪造或双重支付。加密货币在去中心化网络上运行，并利用区块链技术，这是一种由庞大的计算机网络维护的分布式账本。

Bitcoin is the name of the most well-known cryptocurrency, and it is the one for which blockchain technology was initially created. Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrency is not backed by any intrinsic value and cannot be redeemed for another commodity, such as gold. It exists solely in the digital realm and has no physical form. The total supply of Bitcoin is determined by the protocol itself, rather than being controlled by a central bank.

比特币是最知名的加密货币的名称，也是区块链技术最初创建的加密货币。与传统货币不同，加密货币没有任何内在价值支持，也不能兑换成另一种商品，例如黄金。它仅存在于数字领域，没有物理形式。比特币的总供应量由协议本身决定，而不是由中央银行控制。

While India is currently working on establishing a framework for cryptocurrencies, until this framework is enacted, cryptocurrencies are not considered illegal in the country. In 2022, the government announced a flat tax of 30% on any gains arising from cryptocurrency transactions. However, it is important to note that taxing income from cryptocurrencies does not explicitly legalize cryptocurrencies themselves.

虽然印度目前正在努力建立加密货币框架，但在该框架颁布之前，加密货币在该国并不被视为非法。 2022 年，政府宣布对加密货币交易产生的任何收益征收 30% 的统一税。然而，值得注意的是，对加密货币收入征税并不明确使加密货币本身合法化。

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has expressed skepticism regarding the use of private crypto assets and views them as a major threat to the macroeconomic and financial stability of the country.

印度储备银行（RBI）对私人加密资产的使用表示怀疑，并将其视为对该国宏观经济和金融稳定的主要威胁。

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has repeatedly emphasized that cryptocurrency issued by private entities cannot be considered currency. According to her statement, currency will only be recognized when the Reserve Bank of India issues a digital currency.]

财政部长 Nirmala Sitharaman 多次强调，私人实体发行的加密货币不能被视为货币。根据她的声明，只有当印度储备银行发行数字货币时，货币才会得到承认。]

Private digital currencies, virtual currencies, and crypto currencies have gained significant popularity over the past decade. However, regulators and governments have been skeptical about these currencies and are concerned about the associated risks.

私人数字货币、虚拟货币和加密货币在过去十年中获得了极大的普及。然而，监管机构和政府一直对这些货币持怀疑态度，并担心相关风险。

On March 4, 2021, the Supreme Court set aside an RBI circular dated April 6, 2018, which prohibited banks and entities regulated by the RBI from providing services related to virtual currencies. This decision allowed banks and other regulated entities to once again engage with cryptocurrency exchanges and other businesses.

2021 年 3 月 4 日，最高法院撤销了印度储备银行 (RBI) 2018 年 4 月 6 日发出的通知，该通知禁止受印度储备银行 (RBI) 监管的银行和实体提供与虚拟货币相关的服务。这一决定允许银行和其他受监管实体再次参与加密货币交易所和其他业务。

Currently, crypto assets are largely unregulated in India. However, they are regulated to some extent from the perspective of anti-money laundering law. Additionally, income tax and TDS are levied on earnings from trading in such virtual digital assets, and GST is levied on cryptocurrency exchanges.

目前，加密资产在印度基本上不受监管。但从反洗钱法的角度对其进行了一定程度的规制。此外，还对此类虚拟数字资产交易的收入征收所得税和 TDS，并对加密货币交易所征收消费税。

In July 2023, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated that any effective regulation or ban on cryptocurrency would require "international collaboration."

2023 年 7 月，财政部长 Nirmala Sitharaman 表示，任何对加密货币的有效监管或禁令都需要“国际合作”。

Earlier, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had proposed a ban on cryptocurrency, but this was set aside by a court order. The RBI considers cryptocurrencies to be a huge risk to financial stability and monetary stability. Last month, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das expressed concern that such virtual assets may lead to a situation where the central bank loses control of the money supply in the economy.

早些时候，印度储备银行（RBI）曾提议禁止加密货币，但这一提议被法院命令搁置。印度储备银行认为加密货币对金融稳定和货币稳定构成巨大风险。上个月，印度储备银行行长沙克蒂坎塔·达斯(Shaktikanta Das)表示担心此类虚拟资产可能导致央行失去对经济中货币供应的控制。

The RBI has recommended that crypto assets should be prohibited. According to the RBI, crypto assets are by definition borderless and require international collaboration to prevent regulatory arbitrage. Therefore, any legislation for regulation or for banning can be effective only with significant international collaboration on evaluation of the risks and benefits and evolution of common taxonomy and standards.

印度储备银行建议禁止加密资产。印度储备银行表示，加密资产本质上是无国界的，需要国际合作来防止监管套利。因此，任何监管或禁止立法只有在评估风险和收益以及共同分类法和标准的演变方面进行重大国际合作才能有效。

Currently, an inter-ministerial group (IMG), comprising officials from the RBI, Sebi, and the Finance Ministry, is looking into a wider policy for cryptocurrencies. A discussion paper from the IMG is awaited, which will give the stakeholders an opportunity to give their views before India decides on its policy stance on cryptocurrencies.

目前，由印度储备银行、印度央行和财政部官员组成的一个部际小组 (IMG) 正在研究更广泛的加密货币政策。 IMG 正在等待一份讨论文件，这将使利益相关者有机会在印度决定其加密货币政策立场之前发表意见。