Micron isn’t the only big chip maker adjusting its announced schedules to launch new semiconductor plants. Other big chip makers, including Intel, also have delayed their plans. The companies are citing labor and supply shortages and the slow rollout of federal money.

美光並不是唯一一家調整其宣布的新建半導體工廠時間表的大型晶片製造商。包括英特爾在內的其他大型晶片製造商也推遲了他們的計劃。這些公司的理由是勞動力和供應短缺以及聯邦資金發放緩慢。

Intel had originally announced it would open its first fabrication plant, or fab, in central Ohio next year; now the company says it will be 2027 or 2028. Taiwan Manufacturing Semiconductor Co., the world’s largest chip maker, has announced several construction delays of its proposed plant in Arizona. Even several TMSC suppliers now say their plans are on hold.

英特爾最初宣布將於明年在俄亥俄州中部開設第一家製造工廠。現在該公司表示將在 2027 年或 2028 年進行。全球最大的晶片製造商台積電已宣布其位於亞利桑那州的擬建工廠的建設數次推遲。甚至一些 TMSC 供應商現在也表示他們的計劃已被擱置。

The delays could be a sign that semiconductor companies were overly optimistic in their original plans or that the Biden administration’s hopes of jump-starting chip production in the U.S. is harder than expected.

這些延誤可能表明半導體公司對其最初的計劃過於樂觀，或者拜登政府希望在美國啟動晶片生產的希望比預期的要困難。

Or some of both.

或兩者兼而有之。

One sticking point had been the longer-than-expected announcements of grants from the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act, which offered $52 billion in incentives to lure chipmakers back to the United States as a national security priority. Most of the world’s chips are made overseas, largely in Taiwan, which sits just 100 miles from China.

一個癥結在於，2022 年《晶片和科學法案》宣布撥款的時間比預期要長，該法案提供 520 億美元的激勵措施，以吸引晶片製造商回到美國，作為國家安全的優先事項。世界上大部分的晶片都是在海外生產的，其中大部分是在距離中國大陸僅 100 英里台灣生產的。

One industry analyst said chip companies expected to know the scope of their awards months ago.

一位產業分析師表示，晶片公司預計在幾個月前就知道其獎項的範圍。

The big grants have finally started to roll out. GlobalFoundries was awarded $1.5 billion in CHIPS grants and $1.6 billion in loans to expand its fabs in Saratoga County and Vermont. On Wednesday, Intel received $8.5 billion in grants and $11 billion in loans. U.S. Department of Commerce officials said that will be the largest award package.

大筆贈款終於開始發放。 GlobalFoundries 獲得了 15 億美元的 CHIPS 撥款和 16 億美元的貸款，用於擴建其在薩拉託加縣和佛蒙特州的晶圓廠。週三，英特爾獲得了 85 億美元的贈款和 110 億美元的貸款。美國商務部官員表示，這將是最大的獎勵計畫。

Micron officials won’t say when they expect to hear about the awards and how much the company might get.

美光公司的官員沒有透露他們預計何時會聽到這些獎項以及該公司可能獲得多少獎金。

“We are working through the process,” was all Carson Henry, Micron’s senior director of strategic U.S. expansion, would say at a news conference Tuesday night in Clay.

「我們正在努力完成這個過程，」美光科技美國戰略擴張高級總監卡森亨利 (Carson Henry) 在周二晚上在克萊舉行的新聞發布會上說道。

Carson said Micron had set “a very, very aggressive target” last year when it laid out a construction timeline.

卡森表示，美光去年在製定建設時間表時設定了「一個非常非常激進的目標」。

“We’re moving as quickly as we can,” Henry said. “Our schedule right now is early 2025. When we look at a 20-year project, that sort of timing difference is relatively small.”

「我們正在盡快採取行動，」亨利說。 “我們現在的計劃是 2025 年初。當我們考慮一個 20 年的項目時，這種時間差異相對較小。”

The new construction schedule is even more aggressive. Initially, Micron said it would start building in 2024 and open the first two fabs by 2032, an eight-year construction timetable. Construction time has now been shrunk to four years, from 2025 groundbreaking to 2029 production start.

新的施工進度更加激進。美光最初表示將於 2024 年開始建設，並在 2032 年之前開設前兩座晶圓廠，建設時間表為八年。建設時間現已縮短為四年，從2025年破土動工到2029年投產。

Intel started working on its $20 billion fab complex near Columbus, Ohio, in 2022, intending to open by 2025. In a report filed this week with the Ohio development office, however, the company now says it will be 2027 or 2028 before the first chips are produced. Intel’s plans rival Micron’s, with a planned investment of up to $100 billon.

英特爾於2022 年開始在俄亥俄州哥倫布市附近建造耗資200 億美元的晶圓廠綜合體，計劃於2025 年開業。然而，在本周向俄亥俄州開發辦公室提交的一份報告中，該公司現在表示，第一批晶圓廠將在2027 年或2028 年建成。晶片被生產出來。英特爾的計畫與美光的競爭，計畫投資高達 1,000 億美元。

TSMC has delayed its plant in Arizona several times, citing labor shortages and negotiations with federal officials for CHIPS grants.

台積電已多次推遲在亞利桑那州的工廠建設，理由是勞動力短缺以及與聯邦官員就 CHIPS 撥款進行談判。