中國和俄羅斯抓住機會負責緩解氣候變化

中國和俄羅斯準備抓住機會在氫擴張，碳集市連接和基本礦產協作領域負責

China and Russia are poised to seize the initiative in key areas of hydrogen expansion, carbon market integration, and critical mineral cooperation that could dramatically shift the troubled global climate landscape. This strategic alliance is filling a void in leadership from the U.S., which withdrew from key multilateral climate agreements.

中國和俄羅斯有望在氫擴張，碳市場整合和關鍵的礦產合作的關鍵領域奪取主動權，這可能會極大地改變陷入困境的全球氣候景觀。這個戰略聯盟填補了美國領導的空白，該聯盟撤出了主要的多邊氣候協議。

The two nations are central to the hydrogen story. Russia’s vast natural gas reserves, which could be converted into blue hydrogen, might position the country as a potential leader in this type of production, while China’s advanced technological capabilities in hydrogen production and storage make it a powerhouse in this domain. The key aim of the partnership is to leverage China’s renewable energy to produce green hydrogen, which could then be transported via Russia’s extensive natural gas pipeline network.

兩國是氫故事的核心。俄羅斯廣闊的天然氣儲量可以轉化為藍色氫，可能會將該國定位為這類生產中的潛在領導者，而中國在氫生產和儲存方面的先進技術能力使其成為該領域中的強大力量。合作夥伴關係的主要目的是利用中國可再生能源生產綠色氫，然後可以通過俄羅斯廣泛的天然氣管道網絡運輸。

To realize this vision, both countries are engaged in infrastructure development, integrating energy across their border. The existing natural gas pipelines can be transformed into hydrogen carriers, while new dedicated hydrogen and ammonia pipelines are also planned. The underdeveloped regions along the Sino-Russian border are set to become pioneers in introducing innovative hydrogen infrastructure, potentially creating replicable models for hydrogen ecosystem development worldwide.

為了實現這一願景，兩國都從事基礎設施的發展，將各種邊界的能源整合在一起。現有的天然氣管道可以轉變為氫載體，而新的專用氫和氨管道也計劃進行。沿俄羅斯邊境沿線的欠發達地區將成為引入創新的氫基礎設施的先驅，有可能為全球氫生態系統開發創建可複制的模型。

China and Russia are also working together to define the global technical standards in hydrogen technology. Joint research into hydrogen-optimized pipeline materials and the application of advanced liquefaction technologies could make the international trade of the commodity more efficient and safer from both producer countries.

中國和俄羅斯也正在共同努力定義氫技術的全球技術標準。聯合研究氫優化的管道材料以及高級液化技術的應用可能會使兩個生產者國家的國際商品貿易更加有效，更安全。

Another area where China and Russia are joining hands to the fullest is the integration of their carbon markets. Recent developments, such as Sinopec’s participation in China’s Carbon Trading Market and SIBUR’s registration of climate projects in the Russian carbon emissions registry system, symbolize the growing interdependence of the two countries and the success of their mutual carbon reduction efforts.

中國和俄羅斯最充分地融入碳市場的另一個領域。最近的事態發展，例如中國人參與中國的碳貿易市場以及Sibur對俄羅斯碳排放註冊系統中氣候項目的註冊，象徵著兩國的相互依存以及他們相互減少碳的成功依賴性的增長。

However, the combined potential for the two countries in deeper cooperation on carbon markets remains largely untapped, and the low-ambition carbon markets may soon become a thing of the past. The Asian giants are exploring innovative approaches to carbon accounting that would better reflect the unique features of their respective countries, such as developing new technologies or methodologies to quantify natural carbon sequestration, for instance, in the vast Siberian forests of Russia.

但是，在碳市場上更深入合作的兩國的綜合潛力仍然在很大程度上尚未開發，而低型碳市場可能很快成為過去。亞洲巨頭正在探索創新的碳會計方法，這些方法將更好地反映其各自國家的獨特特徵，例如開發新技術或方法來量化自然碳固執，例如在俄羅斯廣闊的西伯利亞森林中。

The partnership also extends to the processing of critical minerals, where Russia’s rich reserves complement China’s global leadership in clean technology R&D and manufacturing. Russia’s abundant copper and nickel resources are particularly vital for the clean energy transition, especially in the electric vehicle and renewable energy sectors.

該夥伴關係還擴展到了關鍵礦物質的處理，俄羅斯的富裕儲備補充了中國在清潔技術研發和製造業方面的全球領導。俄羅斯豐富的銅和鎳資源對於清潔能源過渡尤其重要，尤其是在電動汽車和可再生能源領域。

Recent announcements by Russian mining companies to increase metals supply to China and to establish joint ventures in battery materials processing and copper refinery are adding another layer to this partnership. China gets to diversify its supplier chain, while Russia, in turn, gains access to capital and technological expertise for greater production efficiency.

俄羅斯礦業公司最近發布的公告，以增加中國的金屬供應，並在電池材料加工和銅煉油廠建立合資企業正在為該合作夥伴增添另一層。中國使其供應商連鎖店多樣化，而俄羅斯又可以獲得獲得資本和技術專業知識的機會，以提高生產效率。

Moreover, the partnership in the critical mineral sector could significantly influence global metal markets, with the Shanghai Futures Exchange perhaps emerging as the dominant platform for setting international benchmarks and facilitating yuan-denominated transactions. This move is expected as the West has halted trade of Russian metals in the dollar after the recent blow of U.S.-led sanctions, paving the way for the Shanghai exchange to begin trading these metals instead.

此外，關鍵礦產領域的合作夥伴關係可能會極大地影響全球金屬市場，上海期貨交易所可能是建立國際基準並促進Yuan負面交易的主要平台。預計這一舉動是因為西方在最近由美國領導的製裁打擊後停止了俄羅斯金屬的貿易，這為上海交易所開始交易這些金屬鋪平了道路。

Over the next decade, global demand for these metals is set to skyrocket due to the rapid climate transition, and both countries are well-positioned to quickly expand their mining and refining sectors. However, they may also need to consider the Kafkaesque angle and not expect a similar scenario with other strategic metals like palladium, where Russia already holds a dominant position in global production.

在接下來的十年中，由於氣候過渡的迅速，全球對這些金屬的需求將飆升，並且兩國都有良好的位置，以迅速擴大其採礦和煉油業。但是，他們可能還需要考慮Kafkaesque角度，並且不希望與其他戰略金屬（如Palladium）發生類似的情況，Palladium已經在全球生產中佔據主導地位。

The formation of the China-Russia alliance in the climate domain is occurring at a time when the influence of both countries is under scrutiny by the international community. In this regard, the two nations are largely deflecting the migration of climate refugees toward them and shifting the problems left from climate change to other countries.

在國際社會受到審查的時候，中國 - 俄羅斯聯盟在氣候領域的形成正在發生。在這方面，兩個國家在很大程度上偏轉了氣候難民向他們遷移，並將氣候變化剩下的問題轉移到其他國家。

As these interactions between the two parties expand, the likelihood of major challenges being imposed on the climate initiatives and the role of the countries in the development of clean energy sectors will be substantial. The rest of the world will be closely monitoring the course of the collaboration to determine how it will unfold and with what implications for global climate goals and the broader geopolitical landscape.

隨著兩黨之間的這些相互作用的擴大，對氣候倡議施加的重大挑戰的可能性以及國家在清潔能源部門發展中的作用將是很大的。世界其他地方將密切監視合作的過程，以確定它將如何展開，以及對全球氣候目標和更廣泛的地緣政治格局的影響。