中國引領人工智慧人才培育全球領先者

中國已超越美國，成為人工智慧人才的主要生產國，培養了全球近一半的頂尖人工智慧研究人員，這是全球人工智慧格局的重大發展。最近的一項研究強調了這一轉變，反映出中國在人工智慧領域的實力迅速崛起，超過了傳統上在該領域佔據主導地位的美國。人工智慧發展的影響是深遠的，對生產力、產業實力和地緣政治動態都有潛在影響。

China Surges Ahead as Global Leader in Artificial Intelligence Talent Production

中國人工智慧人才培育全球領先

In a groundbreaking development that has sent shockwaves through the tech world, China has emerged as the undisputed leader in producing top-tier artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, surpassing the United States for the first time. This startling revelation, unveiled in a comprehensive study conducted by the Paulson Institute's think tank, MacroPolo, underscores China's meteoric rise as a global AI powerhouse.

中國的突破性進展震驚了科技界，在培養頂級人工智慧（AI）研究人員方面，中國無可爭議地成為領先者，首次超越美國。保爾森基金會智庫 MacroPolo 進行的一項綜合研究公佈了這項令人震驚的發現，突顯了中國作為全球人工智慧強國的迅速崛起。

China's AI Prowess Reaches New Heights

中國人工智慧實力再上新台階

The MacroPolo study, which meticulously analyzed researchers presenting papers at the prestigious 2022 Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), paints a compelling picture of China's remarkable AI ascendancy. While previously accounting for approximately one-third of the world's leading AI talent, China's contribution has now surged, leaving the United States trailing in its wake.

MacroPolo 的研究仔細分析了研究人員在著名的 2022 年神經資訊處理系統會議 (NeurIPS) 上發表的論文，描繪了一幅中國引人注目的人工智慧優勢的引人注目的圖景。此前，中國約佔全球領先人工智慧人才的三分之一，但現在其貢獻大幅增加，使美國緊隨其後。

For decades, the United States benefited from a steady inflow of China's brightest minds, who pursued doctoral degrees at American universities and often chose to stay. However, this trend has reversed, with an increasing number of Chinese researchers opting to remain in their home country. This shift holds profound implications as China and the United States engage in a fierce rivalry for dominance in AI, a transformative technology with far-reaching consequences for productivity, economic competitiveness, and innovation.

幾十年來，美國受益於中國最聰明人才的穩定流入，他們在美國大學攻讀博士學位，但往往選擇留下來。然而，這種趨勢已經逆轉，越來越多的中國研究人員選擇留在自己的祖國。隨著中國和美國在人工智慧領域展開激烈競爭，這種轉變具有深遠的影響。人工智慧是一項對生產力、經濟競爭力和創新產生深遠影響的變革性技術。

Implications for AI Development

對人工智慧發展的影響

Generative AI, which has gained prominence in both Silicon Valley and China, has experienced exponential growth, attracting substantial investments. U.S. tech giants like Google and startups like OpenAI have been at the forefront of this surge. However, escalating geopolitical tensions between Washington and Beijing may dampen cross-border collaborations, potentially hindering innovation in this rapidly evolving field.

生成式人工智慧在矽谷和中國都受到重視，並經歷了指數級增長，吸引了大量投資。谷歌等美國科技巨頭和 OpenAI 等新創公司一直處於這一浪潮的最前線。然而，華盛頓和北京之間不斷升級的地緣政治緊張局勢可能會抑制跨國合作，這可能會阻礙這個快速發展領域的創新。

China's transformation into an AI behemoth can be attributed, in part, to its unwavering commitment to AI education. Since 2018, the nation has established over 2,000 undergraduate AI programs, including over 300 at its most elite universities. Notably, these programs often place greater emphasis on the application of AI in industry and manufacturing, rather than the generative AI technologies that dominate the American AI landscape.

中國成為人工智慧巨頭的部分原因在於其對人工智慧教育的堅定承諾。自 2018 年以來，該國已設立了 2000 多個本科人工智慧項目，其中 300 多個位於最精英大學。值得注意的是，這些項目通常更強調人工智慧在工業和製造業的應用，而不是主導美國人工智慧領域的生成式人工智慧技術。

The MacroPolo study also highlights the significant role of Chinese-born researchers in bolstering AI competitiveness in the United States. Currently, Chinese nationals constitute 38 percent of the top AI researchers working in the U.S., compared to 37 percent who are American-born. This statistic underscores the interconnectedness of the global AI talent pool and the vital importance of attracting and retaining top talent, regardless of nationality.

MacroPolo 的研究也強調了中國出生的研究人員在增強美國人工智慧競爭力方面的重要作用。目前，在美國頂尖人工智慧研究人員中，中國人佔 38%，而在美國出生的人佔 37%。這項統計數據強調了全球人工智慧人才庫的相互關聯性，以及吸引和留住頂尖人才（無論國籍）的至關重要性。

Balancing Policy Challenges

平衡政策挑戰

The influx of Chinese AI researchers into the United States presents policymakers with a delicate balancing act. While measures to counter potential Chinese espionage are necessary, policies that unintentionally deter the flow of Chinese computer engineers could inadvertently cripple U.S. AI competitiveness. The track record of U.S. policymakers in addressing this issue has been inconsistent, with some initiatives criticized for inadvertently deterring talent from seeking opportunities in the United States.

中國人工智慧研究人員湧入美國為政策制定者帶來了微妙的平衡。雖然打擊潛在中國間諜活動的措施是必要的，但無意中阻止中國電腦工程師流動的政策可能會無意中削弱美國人工智慧的競爭力。美國政策制定者在解決這一問題方面的記錄並不一致，一些舉措被批評無意中阻止了人才在美國尋找機會。

Despite recent shifts, the United States remains a global hub for AI research and development, hosting approximately 42 percent of the world's leading talent. However, this represents a decline from its previous dominance, signaling a profound shift in the global AI landscape. As China continues to invest heavily in AI education and research, the rivalry between these two superpowers for AI supremacy promises to intensify in the coming years.

儘管最近發生了變化，美國仍然是全球人工智慧研發中心，擁有全球約 42% 的領先人才。然而，這代表著其先前主導地位的下降，標誌著全球人工智慧格局的深刻轉變。隨著中國繼續大力投資人工智慧教育和研究，這兩個超級大國之間爭奪人工智慧霸主地位的競爭預計將在未來幾年加劇。

A Global Landscape in Flux

不斷變化的全球格局

China's emergence as the leading producer of AI talent is a pivotal moment in the global AI landscape, with far-reaching implications for technological innovation, industry competitiveness, and geopolitical dynamics. As the competition between China and the United States intensifies, both nations must confront complex policy challenges to ensure the continued progress of AI development while promoting collaboration and innovation on a global scale.

中國成為人工智慧人才的領先生產國是全球人工智慧格局的關鍵時刻，對技術創新、產業競爭力和地緣政治動態產生深遠影響。隨著中美之間的競爭加劇，兩國必須面對複雜的政策挑戰，以確保人工智慧發展的持續進步，同時促進全球的合作和創新。