人工受託人：人工智慧時代重新定義公司治理

設想人工智慧實體作為公司治理中的投票成員承擔信託責任，這個概念被稱為「人工信託人」。這種創新方法解決了人類董事和現有改革的局限性，提供公正的決策並增強客觀性。人工受託人具有徹底改變公司治理的潛力，需要在責任和道德考量之間取得平衡。

Artificial Fiduciaries: Redefining Corporate Governance in the Age of AI

人工受託人：人工智慧時代重新定義公司治理

The future of corporate governance stands on the cusp of a transformative shift as artificial intelligence (AI) enters the boardroom not as a mere observer, but as a voting member bearing fiduciary obligations. This seismic change, envisioned in the groundbreaking publication "Artificial Fiduciaries," portends significant ramifications for the governance landscape.

隨著人工智慧（AI）進入董事會，不再只是作為觀察者，而是作為承擔信託義務的投票成員，公司治理的未來正處於變革的風口浪尖。開創性出版物《人工信託》中設想的這一巨大變化預示著治理格局的重大影響。

The Birth of Artificial Fiduciaries

人工信託人的誕生

Corporate governance has long grappled with the elusive pursuit of truly independent directors. Existing reforms, such as term limits and external audits, have fallen short of achieving absolute objectivity. The advent of AI, as the study contends, presents a novel solution in the form of "artificial fiduciaries."

長期以來，公司治理一直在努力解決對真正獨立董事的難以捉摸的追求。現有的改革，例如任期限制和外部審計，未能實現絕對客觀。正如該研究認為，人工智慧的出現以「人工受託人」的形式提出了一種新穎的解決方案。

Expanding upon the concept of Board Service Providers (BSPs), which currently assist in handling board functions, artificial fiduciaries offer the potential for genuine independence and enhanced decision-making processes. Unlike BSPs, which remain subject to human biases and technological constraints, AI fiduciaries possess the unique ability to transcend these limitations.

董事會服務提供者 (BSP) 目前協助處理董事會職能，對董事會服務提供者 (BSP) 的概念進行擴展，人工信託提供了真正獨立性和增強決策流程的潛力。與仍然受到人類偏見和技術限制的 BSP 不同，AI 受託人擁有超越這些限制的獨特能力。

They can serve as impartial mediators, fostering transparency and potentially democratizing corporate governance on a global scale. However, a fundamental question arises: Can AI truly fulfill the demanding responsibilities of a fiduciary?

他們可以充當公正的調解人，促進透明度並有可能在全球範圍內實現公司治理的民主化。然而，一個基本問題出現了：人工智慧能否真正履行受託人的艱鉅職責？

Legal Considerations and the Role of AI

法律考慮和人工智慧的作用

Legal scholars, such as Eugene Volokh, have raised concerns that compassionate judgment plays a vital role in fiduciary decision-making, a capacity that AI may lack. The study acknowledges this limitation, positing that the inquiry should not focus on AI's exact replication of human abilities but rather its capacity to achieve the objectives of fiduciary duty.

尤金·沃洛克等法律學者擔心，富有同情心的判斷在信託決策中發揮著至關重要的作用，而人工智慧可能缺乏這種能力。研究承認這一局限性，認為調查不應關注人工智慧對人類能力的精確複製，而應關注其實現信託義務目標的能力。

The study envisions artificial fiduciaries fulfilling their fiduciary obligations to the company and its investors as objective outside directors. Employing AI alongside human counterparts is expected to yield optimal outcomes, albeit with distinct roles given the algorithmic nature of artificial fiduciaries. The essay emphasizes the need for flexibility while maintaining a high ethical standard, outlining how the duties of care and loyalty can be extended to AI fiduciaries.

該研究設想人工受託人作為客觀外部董事履行對公司及其投資者的信託義務。將人工智慧與人類同行一起使用預計會產生最佳結果，儘管考慮到人工受託人的演算法性質，人工智慧的作用有所不同。該文章強調了靈活性的必要性，同時保持較高的道德標準，概述瞭如何將謹慎和忠誠的義務擴展到人工智慧受託人。

Addressing Potential Challenges

應對潛在挑戰

The study does not shy away from acknowledging potential pitfalls. It meticulously examines issues such as bias, transparency (the "black box" problem), safety concerns, and the potential for overly intelligent directors to dominate discussions. To mitigate these risks, the report proposes ethical frameworks, transparency policies, and rigorous standards for AI decision-making procedures. This discourse significantly contributes to the ongoing debate on algorithmic fairness in AI development.

這項研究並不迴避承認潛在的陷阱。它仔細審查了偏見、透明度（「黑盒子」問題）、安全問題以及過於聰明的董事主導討論的可能性等問題。為了減輕這些風險，報告提出了人工智慧決策程序的道德框架、透明度政策和嚴格標準。這項論述極大地促進了人工智慧開發中演算法公平性的持續爭論。

The essay further cautions against viewing AI solely as a tool. Artificial fiduciaries, it argues, should possess autonomous decision-making capabilities, unconstrained by pre-programmed system limitations. To address social capital constraints and complex ethical dilemmas, the study advocates for a collaborative paradigm where human and artificial fiduciaries work synergistically, leveraging their respective strengths. Human oversight remains essential to ensure that optimal recommendations are implemented, and AI decision-making is guided by ethical principles.

這篇文章進一步警告不要將人工智慧僅僅視為一種工具。它認為，人工受託人應該擁有自主決策能力，不受預先編程系統限制的約束。為了解決社會資本約束和複雜的道德困境，該研究倡導一種協作範式，讓人類和人工受託人發揮各自的優勢，協同工作。人類監督對於確保最佳建議得到實施仍然至關重要，並且人工智慧決策以道德原則為指導。

Shaping the Future of Corporate Governance

塑造公司治理的未來

The paper concludes by exploring the transformative implications of AI integration on corporate governance. It advocates for legislative frameworks to guide the emergence of artificial fiduciaries. This research not only stimulates academic discourse but also serves as a call to action for lawmakers to adapt existing laws, paving the way for the ethical adoption of AI in boardroom settings.

本文最後探討了人工智慧整合對公司治理的變革性影響。它主張建立立法框架來引導人工受託人的出現。這項研究不僅激發了學術討論，還呼籲立法者採取行動，調整現有法律，為董事會環境中道德採用人工智慧鋪平道路。

The fundamental question remains: Are we prepared to embrace AI as a trusted partner in corporate governance? The future of the boardroom hangs in the balance as we confront the profound implications of AI fiduciaries. As this technology evolves, so too must our understanding of fiduciary duty and the role of humans in corporate governance.

根本問題仍然是：我們是否準備好接受人工智慧作為公司治理中值得信賴的合作夥伴？當我們面對人工智慧信託的深遠影響時，董事會的未來懸而未決。隨著這項技術的發展，我們對信託責任和人類在公司治理中的作用的理解也必須如此。