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比特币挖矿是比特币网络核心的一个令人着迷但复杂的过程。它在验证交易和将新比特币引入流通方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
Bitcoin mining is a captivating yet intricate process that lies at the core of the Bitcoin network, playing a pivotal role in validating transactions and introducing new Bitcoin into circulation. With an estimated 19.5 million Bitcoin in circulation as of July 2024, and a maximum supply cap of 21 million, the remaining 1.5 million Bitcoin are yet to be mined.
比特币挖矿是一个迷人而复杂的过程,位于比特币网络的核心,在验证交易和将新比特币引入流通方面发挥着关键作用。截至 2024 年 7 月,预计流通中的比特币数量为 1950 万个,最大供应上限为 2100 万个,其余 150 万个比特币尚未开采。
Delving into the World of Bitcoin Mining
深入比特币挖矿世界
Bitcoin mining can be likened to a digital treasure hunt, where users, known as "miners," employ powerful computers to solve intricate mathematical puzzles called hashes. These hashes are 64-digit hexadecimal codes that serve to validate and confirm transaction blocks. Once validated, these blocks are added to the blockchain, the digital ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions. The successful validation of a block releases more Bitcoin into the network, creating digital scarcity, much like finding an elusive treasure chest. With Bitcoin’s maximum supply hard-capped at 21 million coins, these mined blocks represent a diminishing reward due to a built-in protocol feature known as halving.
比特币挖矿可以比作数字寻宝,被称为“矿工”的用户使用强大的计算机来解决称为哈希的复杂数学难题。这些哈希值是 64 位十六进制代码,用于验证和确认交易块。一旦经过验证,这些区块就会被添加到区块链中,即记录所有比特币交易的数字分类账。区块的成功验证会向网络释放更多比特币,从而造成数字稀缺,就像找到难以捉摸的宝箱一样。由于比特币的最大供应量硬性限制为 2100 万枚,由于内置协议功能(称为减半),这些开采的区块代表着奖励递减。
Each block’s mining difficulty adjusts approximately every 2,016 blocks, influencing how easily miners can discover new blocks. This mechanism ensures that Bitcoin remains scarce, inherently adding value to each mined coin. Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin’s mysterious creator, programmed the network to halve block rewards every 210,000 blocks, or roughly every four years. Experts predict that new Bitcoin will cease to be mined by 2140, but miners will continue to earn Bitcoin through transaction fees.
每个区块的挖矿难度大约每 2,016 个区块调整一次,影响矿工发现新区块的难易程度。这种机制确保比特币保持稀缺性,本质上为每个开采的硬币增加价值。比特币的神秘创造者中本聪对网络进行了编程,每 210,000 个区块(即大约每四年)将区块奖励减半。专家预测,到 2140 年,新的比特币将停止开采,但矿工将继续通过交易费赚取比特币。
Miners harness specialized computing hardware to mine Bitcoin, adhering to Bitcoin’s cryptographic algorithm called SHA-256. SHA-256 is a secure encryption method that encodes transaction data into long strings of letters and numbers, protecting it from unauthorized access. The decryption process is arduous, with miners typically releasing a new block every 10 minutes, earning rewards known as block rewards and transaction fees.
矿工利用专门的计算硬件来挖掘比特币,遵循比特币的 SHA-256 加密算法。 SHA-256 是一种安全加密方法,可将交易数据编码为长字母和数字字符串,防止未经授权的访问。解密过程非常艰巨,矿工通常每 10 分钟释放一个新区块,赚取称为区块奖励和交易费的奖励。
Before the April 2024 Bitcoin halving, the block reward was 6.25 BTC. The reward has since halved to 3.125 BTC, reinforcing the scarcity and increasing the value of Bitcoin. This programmed halving is a pivotal aspect of Bitcoin’s deflationary nature and is crucial for maintaining the cryptocurrency’s value over time (CoinDesk).
2024 年 4 月比特币减半之前,区块奖励为 6.25 BTC。此后奖励减半至 3.125 BTC,加剧了比特币的稀缺性并增加了比特币的价值。这种程序性减半是比特币通货紧缩性质的一个关键方面,对于长期维持加密货币的价值至关重要(CoinDesk)。
The duration to mine one Bitcoin hinges on the network’s difficulty settings. On average, it takes approximately 10 minutes to mine a block, which releases 3.125 BTC. However, mining one Bitcoin alone is impractical due to the steep computational power required. Factors like hardware and hashrate influence a miner’s earnings. Savvy miners often join mining pools, pooling their computational efforts to collectively solve blocks and distribute rewards based on individual contributions. (Blockchain.com)
开采一个比特币的持续时间取决于网络的难度设置。平均而言,开采一个区块大约需要 10 分钟,可释放 3.125 BTC。然而,由于需要极高的计算能力,单独开采一枚比特币是不切实际的。硬件和算力等因素会影响矿工的收入。精明的矿工经常加入矿池,集中他们的计算能力来共同解决区块并根据个人贡献分配奖励。 (区块链网)
Different Bitcoin Mining Pools:
不同的比特币矿池:
Proportional: Rewards are distributed based on a miner’s hashrate contribution, much like contributing more shovels to a group treasure hunt.
按比例:根据矿工的算力贡献分配奖励,就像为集体寻宝贡献更多铲子一样。
Pay Per Last N Groups: Miners are grouped into shifts and paid based on their shift contributions, akin to pirates working different shifts for reward distribution.
按最后 N 组付费:矿工被分为轮班,并根据他们的轮班贡献获得报酬,类似于海盗通过不同班次进行奖励分配。
Which Hardware Optimizes Bitcoin Mining Speed?
哪种硬件可以优化比特币挖矿速度?
Utilizing optimal hardware is crucial for efficient Bitcoin mining:
利用最佳硬件对于高效的比特币挖掘至关重要:
Central Processing Unit (CPU): While capable, CPUs resemble a manual search method, unable to keep up with today’s advanced technology.
中央处理器 (CPU):虽然功能强大,但 CPU 类似于手动搜索方法,无法跟上当今的先进技术。
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): GPUs are more adept at handling mining tasks, akin to upgrading from manual searches to a faster search drone.
图形处理单元 (GPU):GPU 更擅长处理挖掘任务,类似于从手动搜索升级到更快的搜索无人机。
How Hard is it to Solo Mine Bitcoin?
单独开采比特币有多难?
Solo mining pits an individual miner against the entire global network, making it an immensely challenging endeavor. The proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism ensures competition, with a solo miner’s chances of successfully finding a block being slim. Despite their mining rig’s power, individual miners find it almost impossible to compete without joining a pool.
单独挖矿使单个矿工与整个全球网络对抗,这使其成为一项极具挑战性的工作。工作量证明(PoW)共识机制确保了竞争,单独矿工成功找到区块的机会很小。尽管采矿设备很强大,但个体矿工发现如果不加入矿池就几乎不可能参与竞争。
In Bitcoin’s nascent stages, solo mining was feasible due to fewer participants and higher block rewards. However, solo miners today often turn to pools or even cloud mining services, where they lease hash power to mitigate costs and enhance their earning potential.
在比特币的初期阶段,由于参与者较少且区块奖励较高,单独挖矿是可行的。然而,如今的独立矿工经常转向矿池甚至云挖矿服务,他们租用算力来降低成本并提高盈利潜力。
Frequently Asked Questions
常见问题解答
Q: What happens when all Bitcoin are mined?
问:当所有比特币都被开采完后会发生什么?
A: When the maximum supply is reached, miners will still validate transactions, earning rewards in the form of transaction fees.
答:当达到最大供应量时,矿工仍然会验证交易,以交易费的形式获得奖励。
Q: Why is Bitcoin halving important?
问:为什么比特币减半很重要?
A: Halving reduces the supply of new Bitcoin, creating scarcity and potentially increasing value, thus preserving Bitcoin’s deflationary model.
答:减半减少了新比特币的供应,造成了稀缺性并可能增加价值,从而保留了比特币的通货紧缩模型。
Q: How does a mining pool work?
问:矿池如何运作?
A: Mining pools combine the computational power of multiple miners to increase the chances of solving blocks, sharing the rewards proportionally among members.
答:矿池结合多个矿工的算力来增加解决区块的机会,并在成员之间按比例分享奖励。
To delve further into the world of Bitcoin mining, websites like CoinDesk and Blockchain.com provide a wealth of information. They are excellent starting points for anyone interested in the technical intricacies and economic impact of this pivotal component of the cryptocurrency network.
为了进一步深入了解比特币挖矿的世界,CoinDesk 和 Blockchain.com 等网站提供了大量信息。对于任何对加密货币网络这一关键组成部分的技术复杂性和经济影响感兴趣的人来说,它们都是极好的起点。
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