特朗普的比特币库存计划：到目前为止我们所知道的以及这对纳税人可能意味着什么

比特币价格今年一直在攀升，部分原因是当选总统唐纳德·特朗普关于创建一个对加密货币友好的政府的信息，包括计划储存这种不稳定的数字货币。

President Donald Trump has expressed interest in creating a bitcoin stockpile, arguing that it would help the United States become a leader in the global cryptocurrency space and pay down its debt.

唐纳德·特朗普总统表示有兴趣创建比特币库存，认为这将帮助美国成为全球加密货币领域的领导者并偿还债务。

Here's what we know so far of Trump's plans for a crypto stockpile, and what it might mean for taxpayers.

以下是迄今为止我们所了解的特朗普的加密货币储备计划，以及这对纳税人可能意味着什么。

The United States already owns nearly $20 billion worth of bitcoin obtained through legal seizures, according to crypto tracking firm Arkham Intelligence.

据加密货币追踪公司 Arkham Intelligence 称，美国已经拥有通过合法扣押获得的价值近 200 亿美元的比特币。

Federal officials will occasionally sell off the cryptocurrency, but Trump has shown interest in halting future sales to create a "core" stockpile of bitcoin.

联邦官员偶尔会抛售加密货币，但特朗普已表现出有兴趣停止未来的销售，以创建比特币的“核心”库存。

“For too long, our government has violated the cardinal rule that every bitcoiner knows by heart: Never sell your bitcoin,“ Trump said in July.

“长期以来，我们的政府违反了每个比特币爱好者都熟知的基本规则：永远不要出售你的比特币，”特朗普在 7 月份表示。

So far this year, bitcoin's price is up more than 100%. By avoiding future selloffs, the U.S. could help keep bitcoin prices elevated, benefitting current investors.

今年到目前为止，比特币的价格上涨了100%以上。通过避免未来的抛售，美国可以帮助保持比特币价格上涨，从而使当前投资者受益。

"If you constrain supply in the overall, real-time market, then it does help to not suppress the price," said Seoyoung Kim, author of “DeFi For Dummies” and associate professor of finance at Santa Clara University.

“如果限制整体实时市场的供应，那么确实有助于不打压价格，”《DeFi For Dummies》一书的作者、圣克拉拉大学金融学副教授 Seoyoung Kim 表示。

But some believe the government needs to do more than simply hold onto its current crypto and are pushing for a bitcoin strategic reserve similar to the reserves of gold and oil held by the U.S. government.

但一些人认为，政府需要做的不仅仅是保留现有的加密货币，而是正在推动建立类似于美国政府持有的黄金和石油储备的比特币战略储备。

Republican Sen. Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming earlier this year introduced a bill that would have the country acquire, over time, 1 million bitcoin, or about 5% of outstanding tokens, to hold for at least 20 years. To fund the purchase, the government would revalue about $11 billion worth of gold certificates on the Federal Reserve’s balance sheets.

怀俄明州共和党参议员 Cynthia Lummis 今年早些时候提出了一项法案，要求该国随着时间的推移购买 100 万枚比特币，或约占流通代币的 5%，并持有至少 20 年。为了为购买提供资金，政府将重新评估美联储资产负债表上价值约 110 亿美元的黄金凭证。

Lummis said establishing a bitcoin reserve could help the U.S. chip away at its $36 trillion national debt and strengthen the U.S. dollar.

Lummis 表示，建立比特币储备可以帮助美国削减 36 万亿美元的国债并让美元走强。

“While there may be short-term volatility, over the long term a bitcoin reserve like this will serve as an important and stable store of value,” Lummis wrote in a letter published in the Wall Street Journal.

鲁米斯在《华尔街日报》发表的一封信中写道：“虽然短期可能会出现波动，但从长远来看，像这样的比特币储备将成为一种重要且稳定的价值储存手段。”

Trump has suggested a bitcoin reserve would help the U.S. compete with other countries in the cryptocurrency space.

特朗普表示，比特币储备将有助于美国在加密货币领域与其他国家竞争。

“We're going to do something great with crypto because we don't want China or anybody else − and not just China, but others are embracing it − and we want to be the head,” Trump told CNBC earlier this month.

特朗普本月早些时候对 CNBC 表示：“我们将在加密领域做一些伟大的事情，因为我们不想要中国或其他任何人——不仅是中国，还有其他国家都在拥抱它——我们希望成为领导者。”

Other countries with significant bitcoin holdings as of Thursday afternoon include China ($18.5 billion), the United Kingdom ($6 billion), Ukraine ($4.5 billion), Bhutan ($1 billion) and El Salvador ($582 million), according to data site BitcoinTreasuries.

根据数据网站 BitcoinTreasuries 的数据，截至周四下午，其他持有大量比特币的国家包括中国（185 亿美元）、英国（60 亿美元）、乌克兰（45 亿美元）、不丹（10 亿美元）和萨尔瓦多（5.82 亿美元）。

But some cryptocurrency experts say the U.S. doesn't need a strategic reserve to remain competitive.

但一些加密货币专家表示，美国不需要战略储备来保持竞争力。

"I would rather see regulatory clarity around all digital assets moving forward. To me, that benefits the United States economy even more than possibly holding a volatile asset in reserve," said Michele Neitz, visiting professor at the University of San Francisco and founding director of the Center for Law, Tech, and Social Good.

旧金山大学客座教授兼创始董事米歇尔·内茨 (Michele Neitz) 表示：“我宁愿看到所有数字资产的监管更加明确。对我来说，这对美国经济的好处甚至比持有波动性资产储备还要大。”法律、科技和社会公益中心的主任。

Owen Lau, a senior analyst at Oppenheimer & Co., said creating a stockpile would be easy for the president; the government would simply stop selling off its bitcoin. Funding a strategic reserve, however, would likely require Congress’ approval – and he believes the probability of that happening is low.

奥本海默公司(Oppenheimer & Co.)的高级分析师欧文·刘(Owen Lau)表示，建立库存对总统来说很容易；政府只会停止出售比特币。然而，为战略储备提供资金可能需要国会的批准——他认为这种情况发生的可能性很低。

“I just have not heard enough support for creating something like that,” he said. “Taking (the idea of a stockpile) a step further to actively buy and sell bitcoin would be quite risky and harder to justify to the public.”

“我只是没有听到足够的支持来创建这样的东西，”他说。 “进一步采取（储备的想法）积极买卖比特币将是相当危险的，而且更难以向公众证明其合理性。”

There are concerns over crypto wallets being vulnerable to cyber attacks and bitcoin's price falling. While the digital currency is hovering near record highs, it has taken dramatic tumbles in the past, for instance falling more than 70% between November 2021 and November 2022.

人们担心加密钱包容易受到网络攻击和比特币价格下跌。虽然数字货币徘徊在历史高位附近，但它过去也经历过大幅下跌，例如 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 11 月期间下跌超过 70%。

“If bitcoin goes up, you benefit from it. If bitcoin goes down, the taxpayer will lose value on that trade,” Lau said.

“如果比特币上涨，你就会从中受益。如果比特币价格下跌，纳税人将损失该交易的价值，”刘说。

A Barclays analysis said funding a bitcoin strategic reserve would likely require the issuance of new Treasury debt, according to Reuters. The bank suspects such a plan to "face stiff resistance from the Fed."

据路透社报道，巴克莱银行的分析称，为比特币战略储备提供资金可能需要发行新的国债。该银行怀疑这样的计划将“面临美联储的强烈抵制”。

When asked about a potential bitcoin reserve at a Wednesday press conference, Fed Chair Jerome Powell on Wednesday said the central bank is not looking to hold bitcoin.

当在周三的新闻发布会上被问及潜在的比特币储备时，美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔周三表示，央行不打算持有比特币。

“We’re not allowed to own bitcoin. The Federal Reserve Act says what we can own, and we’re not looking for a law change," Powell said. “That’s the kind of thing for Congress to consider, but we are not looking for a law change at the Fed.”

“我们不被允许拥有比特币。美联储法案规定了我们可以拥有什么，我们不寻求法律改变，”鲍威尔说。“这是国会需要考虑的事情，但我们不寻求美联储改变法律。”