川普的比特幣庫存計劃：到目前為止我們所知道的以及這對納稅人可能意味著什麼

比特幣價格今年一直在攀升，部分原因是當選總統唐納德·川普關於創建一個對加密貨幣友好的政府的信息，包括計劃儲存這種不穩定的數位貨幣。

President Donald Trump has expressed interest in creating a bitcoin stockpile, arguing that it would help the United States become a leader in the global cryptocurrency space and pay down its debt.

唐納德·川普總統表示有興趣創建比特幣庫存，認為這將幫助美國成為全球加密貨幣領域的領導者並償還債務。

Here's what we know so far of Trump's plans for a crypto stockpile, and what it might mean for taxpayers.

以下是迄今為止我們所了解的川普的加密貨幣儲備計劃，以及這對納稅人可能意味著什麼。

The United States already owns nearly $20 billion worth of bitcoin obtained through legal seizures, according to crypto tracking firm Arkham Intelligence.

據加密貨幣追蹤公司 Arkham Intelligence 稱，美國已經擁有透過合法扣押獲得的價值近 200 億美元的比特幣。

Federal officials will occasionally sell off the cryptocurrency, but Trump has shown interest in halting future sales to create a "core" stockpile of bitcoin.

聯邦官員偶爾會出售加密貨幣，但川普已表現出有興趣停止未來的銷售，以創建比特幣的「核心」庫存。

“For too long, our government has violated the cardinal rule that every bitcoiner knows by heart: Never sell your bitcoin,“ Trump said in July.

「長期以來，我們的政府違反了每個比特幣愛好者都熟知的基本規則：永遠不要出售你的比特幣，」川普在 7 月表示。

So far this year, bitcoin's price is up more than 100%. By avoiding future selloffs, the U.S. could help keep bitcoin prices elevated, benefitting current investors.

今年到目前為止，比特幣的價格上漲了100%以上。透過避免未來的拋售，美國可以幫助維持比特幣價格上漲，從而使當前投資者受益。

"If you constrain supply in the overall, real-time market, then it does help to not suppress the price," said Seoyoung Kim, author of “DeFi For Dummies” and associate professor of finance at Santa Clara University.

「如果限制整體即時市場的供應，那麼確實有助於不打壓價格，」《DeFi For Dummies》一書的作者、聖克拉拉大學金融學副教授 Seoyoung Kim 表示。

But some believe the government needs to do more than simply hold onto its current crypto and are pushing for a bitcoin strategic reserve similar to the reserves of gold and oil held by the U.S. government.

但有些人認為，政府需要做的不僅僅是保留現有的加密貨幣，而是正在推動建立類似美國政府持有的黃金和石油儲備的比特幣戰略儲備。

Republican Sen. Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming earlier this year introduced a bill that would have the country acquire, over time, 1 million bitcoin, or about 5% of outstanding tokens, to hold for at least 20 years. To fund the purchase, the government would revalue about $11 billion worth of gold certificates on the Federal Reserve’s balance sheets.

懷俄明州共和黨參議員 Cynthia Lummis 今年稍早提出了一項法案，要求該國隨著時間的推移購買 100 萬枚比特幣，或約佔流通代幣的 5%，並持有至少 20 年。為了為購買提供資金，政府將重新評估聯準會資產負債表上價值約 110 億美元的黃金憑證。

Lummis said establishing a bitcoin reserve could help the U.S. chip away at its $36 trillion national debt and strengthen the U.S. dollar.

Lummis 表示，建立比特幣儲備可以幫助美國削減 36 兆美元的國債並讓美元走強。

“While there may be short-term volatility, over the long term a bitcoin reserve like this will serve as an important and stable store of value,” Lummis wrote in a letter published in the Wall Street Journal.

魯米斯在《華爾街日報》發表的一封信中寫道：“雖然短期可能會出現波動，但從長遠來看，像這樣的比特幣儲備將成為一種重要且穩定的價值儲存手段。”

Trump has suggested a bitcoin reserve would help the U.S. compete with other countries in the cryptocurrency space.

川普表示，比特幣儲備將有助於美國在加密貨幣領域與其他國家競爭。

“We're going to do something great with crypto because we don't want China or anybody else − and not just China, but others are embracing it − and we want to be the head,” Trump told CNBC earlier this month.

川普本月稍早對CNBC 表示：「我們將在加密貨幣方面做出一些偉大的事情，因為我們不希望中國或其他任何人——不僅是中國，而且其他國家也在擁抱加密貨幣— —而且我們希望成為領導者。

Other countries with significant bitcoin holdings as of Thursday afternoon include China ($18.5 billion), the United Kingdom ($6 billion), Ukraine ($4.5 billion), Bhutan ($1 billion) and El Salvador ($582 million), according to data site BitcoinTreasuries.

根據數據網站BitcoinTreasuries 的數據，截至週四下午，其他持有大量比特幣的國家包括中國（185 億美元）、英國（60 億美元）、烏克蘭（45 億美元）、不丹（10 億美元）和薩爾瓦多（5.82 億美元）。

But some cryptocurrency experts say the U.S. doesn't need a strategic reserve to remain competitive.

但一些加密貨幣專家表示，美國不需要戰略儲備來保持競爭力。

"I would rather see regulatory clarity around all digital assets moving forward. To me, that benefits the United States economy even more than possibly holding a volatile asset in reserve," said Michele Neitz, visiting professor at the University of San Francisco and founding director of the Center for Law, Tech, and Social Good.

舊金山大學客座教授兼創始董事米歇爾·內茨(Michele Neitz) 表示：「我寧願看到所有數位資產的監管更加明確。對我來說，這對美國經濟的好處甚至比持有波動性資產儲備還要大。

Owen Lau, a senior analyst at Oppenheimer & Co., said creating a stockpile would be easy for the president; the government would simply stop selling off its bitcoin. Funding a strategic reserve, however, would likely require Congress’ approval – and he believes the probability of that happening is low.

奧本海默公司(Oppenheimer & Co.)的高級分析師歐文·劉(Owen Lau)表示，建立庫存對總統來說很容易；政府只會停止出售比特幣。然而，為戰略儲備提供資金可能需要國會的批准——他認為這種情況發生的可能性很低。

“I just have not heard enough support for creating something like that,” he said. “Taking (the idea of a stockpile) a step further to actively buy and sell bitcoin would be quite risky and harder to justify to the public.”

「我只是沒有聽到足夠的支持來創建這樣的東西，」他說。 「進一步採取（儲備的想法）積極買賣比特幣將是相當危險的，而且更難以向公眾證明其合理性。”

There are concerns over crypto wallets being vulnerable to cyber attacks and bitcoin's price falling. While the digital currency is hovering near record highs, it has taken dramatic tumbles in the past, for instance falling more than 70% between November 2021 and November 2022.

人們擔心加密錢包容易受到網路攻擊和比特幣價格下跌。雖然數位貨幣徘徊在歷史高點附近，但它過去也經歷過大幅下跌，例如 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 11 月期間下跌超過 70%。

“If bitcoin goes up, you benefit from it. If bitcoin goes down, the taxpayer will lose value on that trade,” Lau said.

「如果比特幣上漲，你就會從中受益。如果比特幣價格下跌，納稅人將損失該交易的價值，」劉說。

A Barclays analysis said funding a bitcoin strategic reserve would likely require the issuance of new Treasury debt, according to Reuters. The bank suspects such a plan to "face stiff resistance from the Fed."

根據路透社報道，巴克萊銀行的分析稱，為比特幣戰略儲備提供資金可能需要發行新的國債。該銀行懷疑這樣的計畫將「面臨聯準會的強烈抵制」。

When asked about a potential bitcoin reserve at a Wednesday press conference, Fed Chair Jerome Powell on Wednesday said the central bank is not looking to hold bitcoin.

當在周三的新聞發布會上被問及潛在的比特幣儲備時，聯準會主席鮑威爾週三表示，央行不打算持有比特幣。

“We’re not allowed to own bitcoin. The Federal Reserve Act says what we can own, and we’re not looking for a law change," Powell said. “That’s the kind of thing for Congress to consider, but we are not looking for a law change at the Fed.”

「我們不被允許擁有比特幣。美聯儲法案規定了我們可以擁有什麼，我們不尋求法律改變，”鮑威爾說。“這是國會需要考慮的事情，但我們不尋求美聯儲改變法律。