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Bernie Bloom 认为,克服区块链三难困境需要构建可扩展至 EB 级并与智能合约无缝集成的存储解决方案。
Serial entrepreneur Bernie Bloom, who co-founded Xandeum Labs, has shared his thoughts on the blockchain trilemma, storage solutions, and the future of Web3 with Bitcoin.com News in written responses.
Xandeum Labs 联合创始人、连续创业者 Bernie Bloom 在书面回复中与 Bitcoin.com News 分享了他对区块链三难困境、存储解决方案和 Web3 未来的看法。
Bloom, a blockchain developer with decades of experience, is known for his contributions to the industry. He has worked on several projects, including Xandeum, which aims to add a scalable storage layer to smart contract blockchains.
Bloom 是一位拥有数十年经验的区块链开发人员,以其对行业的贡献而闻名。他参与了多个项目,包括 Xandeum,该项目旨在为智能合约区块链添加可扩展的存储层。
In this interview, Bloom shares his insights on the challenges faced by the blockchain industry and how Xandeum’s technology can help overcome them.
在本次采访中,Bloom 分享了他对区块链行业面临的挑战以及 Xandeum 技术如何帮助克服这些挑战的见解。
Bitcoin.com News (BCN): The blockchain trilemma, as you know, has been a long-standing challenge in the Web3 industry. While newer blockchain solutions have offered significant scalability, they often address only one aspect of the problem. As a blockchain developer who has witnessed the industry’s evolution, how well do you believe the blockchain sector has tackled this problem?
Bitcoin.com News (BCN):如您所知,区块链三难困境一直是 Web3 行业长期面临的挑战。虽然较新的区块链解决方案提供了显着的可扩展性,但它们通常只解决问题的一方面。作为见证了行业发展的区块链开发者,您认为区块链行业在解决这个问题方面的表现如何?
Bernie Bloom (BB): Thanks for that great question. That is the very reason I started working on this trilemma – I can’t see anyone else focusing on this, and I do believe it’s a huge problem that is preventing web3 from getting wide adoption.
伯尼·布鲁姆 (BB):谢谢你提出这个好问题。这就是我开始研究这个三难问题的原因——我看不到其他人关注这个问题,而且我确实相信这是一个阻碍 web3 得到广泛采用的巨大问题。
We need a storage solution, scalable to exabytes and beyond, that is both random access and is actually built for, with and into smart contracts. So that we can make that “world computer” – that smart contract blockchains are – whole. The only place to store stuff in smart contracts today are accounts – and these accounts just don’t scale with regard to capacity. They are just the RAM of the world computer. Xandeum is adding the badly needed disk.
我们需要一个可扩展至 EB 级甚至更高的存储解决方案,它既是随机访问,又实际上是为智能合约构建的。这样我们就可以使“世界计算机”——即智能合约区块链——变得完整。如今,在智能合约中存储内容的唯一地方是账户,而这些账户的容量无法扩展。它们只是世界计算机的 RAM。 Xandeum 正在添加急需的磁盘。
BCN: When discussing scalability, many people focus on transaction speed. They believe newer blockchains with high transactions per second (TPS) have solved scalability issues. However, storage scalability is equally crucial. How has the blockchain industry performed in this area?
BCN:在讨论可扩展性时,很多人关注的是交易速度。他们相信每秒交易量(TPS)较高的新型区块链已经解决了可扩展性问题。然而,存储可扩展性同样重要。区块链行业在这方面的表现如何?
BB: Yes I hear that all the time: “Why does Solana need a scaling solution?”. It is true that the blockchain industry has achieved great success in scaling. For TPS, that is. We have Solana, Ethereum L2s, Avalanche, etc. However – none of them is even trying to address the need for a scalable storage layer. We are lacking a crucial component here. There is a major gap in what the blockchain industry has delivered so far.
BB:是的,我一直听到这样的话:“为什么 Solana 需要扩展解决方案?”。确实,区块链行业在规模化方面取得了巨大成功。对于 TPS 来说,就是这样。我们有 Solana、以太坊 L2、Avalanche 等。然而,它们都没有尝试解决可扩展存储层的需求。我们这里缺少一个关键的组成部分。迄今为止,区块链行业所交付的成果还存在重大差距。
BCN: The blockchain industry has evolved in stages, with Web3 currently dominating. To reach its full potential, however, improvements are needed. Regarding storage, do you consider storage scalability challenges a significant obstacle to mainstream adoption?
BCN:区块链行业经历了阶段性的发展,目前以Web3为主。然而,为了充分发挥其潜力,还需要进行改进。关于存储,您认为存储可扩展性挑战是否是主流采用的重大障碍?
BB: Yes, absolutely. If Web3 is supposed to take over from Web2, it must have some base technology to support a wide spectrum of apps, just as web2 has. We made blockchain programmable in 2015 – but that is just giving us the CPU and RAM of a huge platform to run apps on. The storage is missing.
BB:是的,绝对如此。如果 Web3 要取代 Web2,它必须拥有一些基础技术来支持广泛的应用程序,就像 web2 一样。我们在 2015 年实现了区块链可编程——但这只是为我们提供了一个巨大平台的 CPU 和 RAM 来运行应用程序。存储空间丢失。
BCN: Can you share examples of how the lack of storage scalability has hindered or slowed down blockchain achievements? What are the potential problems the industry may face if the storage scalability bottleneck is not properly addressed?
BCN:您能否举例说明存储可扩展性的缺乏如何阻碍或减缓了区块链的成就?如果存储扩展瓶颈得不到妥善解决,行业可能面临哪些潜在问题?
BB: One simple example is a decentralized version of Wikipedia. People have been arguing about that in the past few years. While Wikipedia is “open”, meaning “anyone” can access and edit, it is still 100% centralized in the sense that a single organization, and in the of Wikipedia likely a single person, can do anything to the Wikipedia database: Censor you, erase you edit history, even add fake edits under your name. The content moderation policies are also being created and enforced in a centralized way.
BB:一个简单的例子是维基百科的去中心化版本。过去几年,人们一直在争论这个问题。虽然维基百科是“开放的”,意味着“任何人”都可以访问和编辑,但它仍然是 100% 中心化的,因为单个组织(在维基百科中可能是单个人)可以对维基百科数据库做任何事情:审查你,删除您的编辑历史记录,甚至在您的名字下添加虚假编辑。内容审核政策也以集中方式创建和执行。
There are a lot of voices calling for a decentralized version of Wikipedia. Xandeum is actually building Xandipedia as their first demo app. The Wikipedia database is about 250GB, so it cannot be stored in accounts – we need scalable storage for that. Xandipedia will demo the power of Xandeum to the world. And it’s easy to see: If we can decentralize Wikipedia, we can decentralize Airbnb, Ebay, X, and so much more.
有很多声音呼吁建立去中心化版本的维基百科。 Xandeum 实际上正在构建 Xandipedia 作为他们的第一个演示应用程序。维基百科数据库大约有 250GB,因此无法存储在帐户中 - 我们需要可扩展的存储空间。 Xandipedia 将向世界展示 Xandeum 的力量。很容易看出:如果我们可以分散维基百科,我们就可以分散 Airbnb、Ebay、X 等等。
BCN: Two elements are basic in the storage system of blockchains: Random Access and Smart Contracts. Could you break these down for our users, explaining what these are, the roles they play, and what stakeholders in the blockchain industry can do to optimize these elements and achieve storage scalability?
BCN:区块链存储系统有两个基本要素:随机访问和智能合约。您能否为我们的用户分解这些内容,解释它们是什么、它们扮演的角色,以及区块链行业的利益相关者可以采取哪些措施来优化这些元素并实现存储可扩展性?
BB: We already have scalable decentralized storage, such as Filecoin, Arweave etc. But – as you are pointing out – these are not smart contract native and in many cases not random access. When I say random access I mean something like a Unix file system, where you can open files for reading or writing, position (seek) to any position within the file, read or (over)write an arbitrary number of bytes, delete files etc. These file system like, random access structures have been proven
BB:我们已经拥有可扩展的去中心化存储,例如 Filecoin、Arweave 等。但是,正如您所指出的,这些不是原生智能合约,而且在许多情况下不是随机访问。当我说随机访问时,我指的是类似于 Unix 文件系统的东西,您可以在其中打开文件进行读取或写入、定位(查找)到文件中的任何位置、读取或(覆盖)写入任意数量的字节、删除文件等这些文件系统之类的随机访问结构已被证明。
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