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莱姆·惠尔斯 (Lem Wheeles) 17 岁时,在一次学校组织的华盛顿特区旅行中,他在白宫台阶上遇见了当时的总统比尔·克林顿 (Bill Clinton)。当他与克林顿握手时,“我突然意识到,这只是另一个家伙,”他说。 。 “这只是握手另一边的另一个人。”
Lem Wheeles, a government and history teacher at A.J. Dimond High School in Anchorage, Alaska, is the 2024 high school teacher recipient of the American Civic Education Teacher Award from the Council for the Advancement of Civic Education (CACE). Wheeles teaches AP U.S. History, AP U.S. Government, and the government class that serves as his district’s graduation requirement. He is also a student government adviser and teaches at the same high school he graduated from.
Lem Wheeles 是阿拉斯加安克雷奇 AJ Dimond 高中的政府和历史教师,是公民教育促进委员会 (CACE) 颁发的 2024 年美国公民教育教师奖高中教师奖获得者。惠尔斯教授 AP 美国历史、AP 美国政府以及作为其学区毕业要求的政府课程。他还是一名学生政府顾问,并在他毕业的同一所高中任教。
Wheeles’ parents and older daughter also graduated from Dimond, and his younger daughter is a current student. Dimond, Wheeles said, can feel like the community hub of a small town, despite being one of eight neighborhood high schools in the state’s largest city (with a population of about 280,000). The school serves a diverse community with sizable Alaska Native and Asian American populations, and it houses a long-running Japanese immersion program.
惠尔斯的父母和大女儿也毕业于戴蒙德大学,他的小女儿是在校学生。惠尔斯说,尽管戴蒙德是该州最大城市(人口约 28 万)的八所社区高中之一,但它给人的感觉就像是一个小镇的社区中心。学校为拥有大量阿拉斯加原住民和亚裔美国人的多元化社区提供服务,并设有长期的日语沉浸式项目。
Wheeles started out thinking he would pursue engineering, but a dynamic high school history teacher changed his trajectory. He became fascinated with the intricacies of history and government and wanted to help young people develop into leaders ready to participate in society.
惠尔斯一开始以为自己会从事工程学,但一位充满活力的高中历史老师改变了他的轨迹。他对错综复杂的历史和政府着迷,并希望帮助年轻人成长为准备参与社会的领导者。
Wheeles spoke with Chalkbeat about the coin toss that helps students understand the importance of voting, why he loves to teach about the Electoral College, and the reason he doesn’t make too many changes during a presidential election year.
Wheeles 与 Chalkbeat 谈论了抛硬币的事,它可以帮助学生了解投票的重要性,为什么他喜欢教授选举团,以及他在总统选举年没有做出太多改变的原因。
This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
为了篇幅和清晰度,本次采访经过编辑。
Chalkbeat: What drew you to civics?
Chalkbeat:是什么吸引你参与公民事务?
Lem Wheeles: I remember studying the Constitution in 10th grade and just being fascinated to really understand how our government is organized. And I’m fascinated by the fact that the framers of the Constitution came together under less-than-ideal circumstances when they met in Philadelphia. They’re meeting behind closed doors to avoid a lot of public pressure, but that means they’re meeting in a room for four months in the summer in Philadelphia with no air conditioning and no ventilation really. They’re in these terrible conditions and dealing with a real political crisis. And not only do they manage to come up with anything at all, but the Constitution that they wrote is still in effect today, almost 240 years later.
Lem Wheeles:我记得在十年级时学习宪法,并着迷于真正了解我们的政府是如何组织的。令我着迷的是,宪法制定者们在费城相遇时是在不太理想的情况下聚集在一起的。他们闭门开会是为了避免很大的公众压力,但这意味着他们要在夏天费城的一个没有空调、没有通风的房间里开会四个月。他们面临着如此可怕的条件并应对真正的政治危机。他们不仅想出了任何办法,而且他们制定的宪法在近 240 年后的今天仍然有效。
Young people don’t vote at high rates, and some surveys find young people don’t think voting is as important as other forms of activism. Do you see that in your students and how do you talk to them about the importance of voting?
年轻人的投票率并不高,一些调查发现年轻人认为投票不如其他形式的激进主义那么重要。您是否在您的学生身上看到了这一点?您如何与他们谈论投票的重要性?
I don’t encounter it that much, but I really do push them to consider why voting is important and I like to point to some elections that are good examples. We talk about the 2000 presidential election and Florida and how 537 votes out of 6 million votes decided the state of Florida. But even more so, I like to tell them about a State House election here in Alaska in 2006 where it ended up a tie.
我很少遇到这种情况,但我确实促使他们考虑为什么投票很重要,我想指出一些选举就是很好的例子。我们谈论 2000 年总统选举和佛罗里达州,以及 600 万张选票中的 537 票如何决定佛罗里达州。但更重要的是,我想告诉他们 2006 年阿拉斯加州的州议会选举,结果是平局。
I walk them through the whole process of the ceremonial coin toss that decided who was going to be the state representative. And they went to great lengths to have a special coin struck out of gold, because the gold rush in Alaska is so important, and they flipped it onto a seal or an otter pelt on the floor. It was very Alaskana from start to finish. I really hope to show my students how much their vote counts.
我向他们介绍了决定谁将成为州代表的掷硬币仪式的整个过程。他们不遗余力地用黄金铸造了一枚特殊的硬币,因为阿拉斯加的淘金热非常重要,他们将其翻转到地板上的海豹或水獭皮上。从始至终都充满阿拉斯加风情。我真的希望向我的学生展示他们的投票有多么重要。
To that end, the Electoral College is always a popular topic. Going back to the 2000 election, people talk about Florida and how close it was. I show them the math and point out that just as much as Florida decided the presidential election, Alaska decided the presidential election. If the three votes that George W. Bush won had gone to Al Gore, the numbers flip [and Gore would have been president]. That really piques their fascination and helps them to engage more.
为此,选举团制度始终是一个热门话题。回到 2000 年的选举,人们谈论佛罗里达州以及它的选举结果是多么的接近。我向他们展示数学并指出,就像佛罗里达州决定总统选举一样,阿拉斯加也决定总统选举。如果乔治·W·布什赢得的三张选票投给了阿尔·戈尔,那么数字就会翻转(戈尔就会成为总统)。这确实激发了他们的兴趣并帮助他们更多地参与其中。
Do you do any things differently during a presidential election year? Are there certain lessons or activities you bring in?
在总统选举年,您的做法有什么不同吗?您是否引入了某些课程或活动?
I don’t make a huge amount of change, largely because I don’t want to shortchange the other seven semesters in a four year cycle. But I try to build in time to my lesson plans to talk about current events. I have at times watched portions of debates in class and or assigned that as homework.
我没有做出很大的改变,主要是因为我不想缩短四年周期中的其他七个学期。但我试着及时制定我的课程计划来谈论时事。我有时会在课堂上观看部分辩论,或者将其作为家庭作业。
I don’t want to spend our time debating the candidates or the issues as much as helping them understand the system and their place in it. When we talk about political beliefs and ideology, I always start off by telling them, “I don’t care what you believe.” And I say it really callously at first, and then follow it up with, what I care about is that you start thinking things through, that you can make up your own mind.
我不想把时间花在辩论候选人或问题上,而是帮助他们了解这个系统以及他们在其中的地位。当我们谈论政治信仰和意识形态时,我总是首先告诉他们,“我不在乎你相信什么。”我一开始说得很冷酷,然后我关心的是你开始思考事情,你可以自己做出决定。
I really try to leave my own beliefs out of any of our conversations. I think that’s the ethical thing to do, and I don’t think that’s the
我真的试着把我自己的信仰排除在我们的谈话之外。我认为这是合乎道德的事情,但我不认为这是
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