俄罗斯转向比特币BTC/USD和以太坊ETH/USD逃避西方制裁

俄罗斯已经开始采用比特币BTC/USD和以太坊ETH等加密货币来管理与中国和印度的越来越多的石油交易

Russia has begun using cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC/USD) and Ethereum (ETH/USD) to manage a portion of its oil transactions with China and India, circumventing Western sanctions, according to a report by Reuters.

俄罗斯已经开始使用像比特币（BTC/USD）和以太坊（ETH/USD）这样的加密货币来管理其与中国和印度的一部分石油交易，从而规避西方制裁。

These deals, facilitated by middlemen, involve converting local currencies, such as yuan and rupees, into rubles, with stablecoins like USDT also being employed. However, Tether (USDT/USD), the centralized issuer of USDT, can halt the flow of funds if it comes under regulatory pressure.

这些交易是由中间人促进的，涉及将当地货币（例如Yuan and Gupees）转换为卢布，而诸如USDT之类的稳定货币也被雇用。但是，USDT的集中发行人Tether（USDT/USD），如果资金受到监管压力，可能会停止资金的流量。

One insider, linked to a Russian oil firm, revealed that the crypto-based sales to China amount to several tens of millions of dollars per month.

一位与一家俄罗斯石油公司有关的内部人士透露，以加密货币为基础的中国销售额为每月数千万美元。

The shift in strategy began in December after Russia adjusted its legal framework to allow cryptocurrency use in cross-border payments. This move was described by Finance Minister Anton Siluanov as a response to trade disruptions from sanctions imposed after the Ukraine conflict, which led to banks avoiding Russia-related dealings.

战略的转变始于12月，俄罗斯调整了其法律框架以允许在跨境支付中使用加密货币。财政部长安东·西鲁阿诺夫（Anton Siluanov）将此举措描述为对乌克兰冲突后实施的制裁的贸易中断的回应，这导致银行避免了与俄罗斯有关的交易。

In September, Chainalysis highlighted the central bank's efforts to develop crypto systems to evade these sanctions. This report marks the first documented instance of digital currencies being used in Russia's $192 billion annual oil sector.

9月，Chainalysis强调了中央银行开发加密系统以逃避这些制裁的努力。该报告标志着第一个记录在俄罗斯1920亿美元年度石油部门中使用的数字货币的实例。

Recently, Anton Gorelkin, an official, remarked that sanctions cannot fully block crypto access, highlighting its effectiveness as a workaround. Especially after the EU added sanctions to the Russian exchange Garantex, which was already targeted by the U.S. since 2022.

最近，官员安东·戈雷尔金（Anton Gorelkin）指出，制裁无法完全阻止加密货币访问，强调了其作为解决方法的有效性。尤其是在欧盟对俄罗斯交易所Garantex的制裁增加之后，自2022年以来，美国就已经针对了。

This week, the central bank announced a three-year trial permitting accredited investors—those with investments exceeding 100 million rubles ($11.5 million) or income over 50 million rubles annually—to engage in crypto trading. However, domestic payments in crypto are still off-limits, with penalties set for non-compliance.

本周，中央银行宣布了为期三年的试验，允许认可的投资者，这些投资超过1亿卢布（1150万美元）或每年超过5000万卢布的收入 - 从事加密货币交易。但是，加密货币的国内付款仍处于禁区，对不合规的处罚。

Last November, the Federation Council, with the approval of President Vladmir Putin, enacted a tax measure on crypto trades and mining. The approved rates are 13% for earnings up to 2.4 million rubles and 15% above that, while excluding crypto from value-added tax.

去年11月，在弗拉德米尔·普京（Vladmir Putin）总统的批准下，联邦委员会对加密货币贸易和采矿作出了税收措施。批准的利率为13％的收入量高达240万卢布，而高于15％的卢布，同时将加密货币排除在增值税之外。

Putin also legalized mining last year, requiring registration, although some regions, like Krasnoyarsk, are limiting it due to excessive energy consumption.

普京去年还合法化了采矿，要求注册，尽管由于能源消耗过多，某些地区（例如Krasnoyarsk）正在限制它。

The central bank is also preparing to introduce the digital ruble in stages this year.

中央银行还准备在今年阶段引入数字卢布。

It's worth noting that Iran and Venezuela have also been turning to crypto for trade, with Venezuela particularly stepping up its oil exports via digital means following recent U.S. sanctions.

值得注意的是，伊朗和委内瑞拉也一直在贸易加密货币，委内瑞拉特别通过数字方式加强了其石油出口，在美国最近的制裁之后。