俄羅斯轉向比特幣BTC/USD和以太坊ETH/USD逃避西方制裁

俄羅斯已經開始採用比特幣BTC/USD和以太坊ETH等加密貨幣來管理與中國和印度的越來越多的石油交易

Russia has begun using cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC/USD) and Ethereum (ETH/USD) to manage a portion of its oil transactions with China and India, circumventing Western sanctions, according to a report by Reuters.

俄羅斯已經開始使用像比特幣（BTC/USD）和以太坊（ETH/USD）這樣的加密貨幣來管理其與中國和印度的一部分石油交易，從而規避西方制裁。

These deals, facilitated by middlemen, involve converting local currencies, such as yuan and rupees, into rubles, with stablecoins like USDT also being employed. However, Tether (USDT/USD), the centralized issuer of USDT, can halt the flow of funds if it comes under regulatory pressure.

這些交易是由中間人促進的，涉及將當地貨幣（例如Yuan and Gupees）轉換為盧布，而諸如USDT之類的穩定貨幣也被雇用。但是，USDT的集中發行人Tether（USDT/USD），如果資金受到監管壓力，可能會停止資金的流量。

One insider, linked to a Russian oil firm, revealed that the crypto-based sales to China amount to several tens of millions of dollars per month.

一位與一家俄羅斯石油公司有關的內部人士透露，以加密貨幣為基礎的中國銷售額為每月數千萬美元。

The shift in strategy began in December after Russia adjusted its legal framework to allow cryptocurrency use in cross-border payments. This move was described by Finance Minister Anton Siluanov as a response to trade disruptions from sanctions imposed after the Ukraine conflict, which led to banks avoiding Russia-related dealings.

戰略的轉變始於12月，俄羅斯調整了其法律框架以允許在跨境支付中使用加密貨幣。財政部長安東·西魯阿諾夫（Anton Siluanov）將此舉措描述為對烏克蘭衝突後實施的製裁的貿易中斷的回應，這導致銀行避免了與俄羅斯有關的交易。

In September, Chainalysis highlighted the central bank's efforts to develop crypto systems to evade these sanctions. This report marks the first documented instance of digital currencies being used in Russia's $192 billion annual oil sector.

9月，Chainalysis強調了中央銀行開發加密系統以逃避這些制裁的努力。該報告標誌著第一個記錄在俄羅斯1920億美元年度石油部門中使用的數字貨幣的實例。

Recently, Anton Gorelkin, an official, remarked that sanctions cannot fully block crypto access, highlighting its effectiveness as a workaround. Especially after the EU added sanctions to the Russian exchange Garantex, which was already targeted by the U.S. since 2022.

最近，官員安東·戈雷爾金（Anton Gorelkin）指出，制裁無法完全阻止加密貨幣訪問，強調了其作為解決方法的有效性。尤其是在歐盟對俄羅斯交易所Garantex的製裁增加之後，自2022年以來，美國就已經針對了。

This week, the central bank announced a three-year trial permitting accredited investors—those with investments exceeding 100 million rubles ($11.5 million) or income over 50 million rubles annually—to engage in crypto trading. However, domestic payments in crypto are still off-limits, with penalties set for non-compliance.

本週，中央銀行宣布了為期三年的試驗，允許認可的投資者，這些投資超過1億盧布（1150萬美元）或每年超過5000萬盧布的收入 - 從事加密貨幣交易。但是，加密貨幣的國內付款仍處於禁區，對不合規的處罰。

Last November, the Federation Council, with the approval of President Vladmir Putin, enacted a tax measure on crypto trades and mining. The approved rates are 13% for earnings up to 2.4 million rubles and 15% above that, while excluding crypto from value-added tax.

去年11月，在弗拉德米爾·普京（Vladmir Putin）總統的批准下，聯邦委員會對加密貨幣貿易和採礦作出了稅收措施。批准的利率為13％的收入量高達240萬盧布，而高於15％的盧布，同時將加密貨幣排除在增值稅之外。

Putin also legalized mining last year, requiring registration, although some regions, like Krasnoyarsk, are limiting it due to excessive energy consumption.

普京去年還合法化了採礦，要求註冊，儘管由於能源消耗過多，某些地區（例如Krasnoyarsk）正在限制它。

The central bank is also preparing to introduce the digital ruble in stages this year.

中央銀行還準備在今年階段引入數字盧布。

It's worth noting that Iran and Venezuela have also been turning to crypto for trade, with Venezuela particularly stepping up its oil exports via digital means following recent U.S. sanctions.

值得注意的是，伊朗和委內瑞拉也一直在貿易加密貨幣，委內瑞拉特別通過數字方式加強了其石油出口，在美國最近的製裁之後。