源自臭名昭著的锌树突增长出现：标题：PPGA的工作原理：钝化锌表面和调节水氢键网络

The water-soluble PPGA is widely employed in industries as a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, effectively halting scale formation at substoichiometric level by intervening in one or more steps of the scale formation processes, such as aggregation, nucleation, crystal growth, and agglomeration33,34, 35,36。

suffers from zinc dendrite growth and parasitic HER during the charging process, both of which lead to low coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability47,48,49. To evaluate the capability of PPGA for flow battery applications, we assembled a Zn|PZS|V2O5 flow battery with a flow rate of 20 mL min−1 and a capacity of 20 mAh. As shown in Fig. 6a, the flow battery exhibited a high initial CE of 96.5% at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh, which gradually increased to 99.5% after 20 cycles. In contrast, the flow battery with BZS as the catholyte experienced a low initial CE of 88.2% and quickly dropped to 70.2% after 20 cycles. The coulombic efficiency of the flow battery with PZS was maintained at a high level during the following 100 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh (Fig. 6b). The flow battery with BZS as the catholyte encountered a fast capacity decay and finally short-circuited after 50 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh (Fig. 6c). Notably, the flow battery with PZS as the catholyte exhibited a stable capacity of 18.5 mAh at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh for 200 cycles without any capacity loss or short circuit. The voltage efficiency of the flow battery with PZS as the catholyte was maintained at a high level during the 200 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh (Fig. 6d). Instead, the voltage efficiency of the flow battery with BZS as the catholyte quickly dropped to 60% after 50 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh. The flow battery with PZS as the catholyte exhibited a high energy efficiency of 96% at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh, which gradually increased to 99% after 20 cycles (Fig. 6e). In contrast, the flow battery with BZS as the catholyte showed a low initial energy efficiency of 84% and quickly dropped to 66% after 20 cycles. The energy efficiency of the flow battery with PZS was maintained at a high level during the following 100 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh (Fig. 6f). The flow battery with BZS as the catholyte encountered a fast energy efficiency decay and finally short-circuited after 50 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh (Fig. 6g). Notably, the flow battery with PZS as the catholyte exhibited a stable energy efficiency of 96% at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh for 200 cycles without any capacity loss or short circuit.

在充电过程中，锌树突的生长和寄生虫遭受了寄生，这两者都会导致库仑效率低，自行车稳定性差为47,48,49。为了评估PPGA在流量电池应用中的能力，我们组装了一个Zn | PZS | V2O5流量电池，流速为20 mL min -1，容量为20 mAh。如图6A所示，流量电池在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh时表现出高初始CE，为96.5％，在20个周期后逐渐增加到99.5％。相比之下，带有BZS的流量电池是天主教徒的初始CE低88.2％，并且在20个周期后迅速下降至70.2％。在随后的100个循环中以20 mA cm -2，20 mAh（图6B），将带有PZ的流量电池的库仑效率保持在高水平上。当天主解时，带有BZ的流量电池遇到了快速衰减，最后在20 mA cm-2，20 mAh的50个循环后短路（图6C）。值得注意的是，带有PZS的流动电池在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh时表现出18.5 mAh的稳定容量，对于200个循环，没有任何容量损失或短路。随着天主解的高水平在200个循环中保持在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh（图6D），带有PZS的电池电池的电压效率保持在高水平。取而代之的是，在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh的50个循环后，天主教徒迅速下降到60％，而流动电池的电压效率迅速下降到60％。带有PZS的流动电池作为天主教徒在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh时表现出96％的高能量效率，在20个周期后逐渐增加到99％（图6E）。相比之下，带有BZ的流量电池作为天主教徒的初始能源效率低84％，并且在20个周期后迅速下降至66％。在随后的100个循环中以20 mA cm -2，20 mAh（图6F），将带有PZ的流量电池的能源效率保持在高水平上。随着天主解会遇到快速能量效率的衰减，带有BZ的流动电池在20 mA cm-2，20 mAh的50个周期后最终短路（图6G）。值得注意的是，带有PZS的流动电池在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh时表现出96％的稳定能量效率，对于200个循环，没有任何容量损失或短路。

a Initial coulombic efficiency, b coulombic efficiency, c capacity, d voltage efficiency, e initial energy efficiency, f energy efficiency, and g capacity of Zn|PZS|V2O5 flow batteries at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh. All tests were performed at around 25 oC. The positive electrode mass loading is around 20 mg cm−2.output

初始的库仑效率，B库仑效率，C容量，D电压效率，E初始能量效率，F能源效率和Zn | PZS | V2O5流量电池在20 mA cm -2，20 mAh处。所有测试均以大约25 oC进行。正电极质量负载约为20 mg cm。