固定金钱：Satoshi对人类社会的破坏

比特币对不同的人意味着不同的事情。我想分享比特币对我的意义，并解释我认为是Satoshi的核心创新。

Original Title: Fixing money: Satoshi's disruption of human society

原始标题：固定金钱：Satoshi对人类社会的破坏

Original Author: Eli Ben Sasson

原始作者：Eli Ben Sasson

Original Translation: Starknet 中文

Selected Overview

选定的概述

Bitcoin means different things to different people. I would like to share what Bitcoin means to me and explain what I believe to be Satoshi's core innovation. First, I want to clarify that the true essence of Bitcoin's innovation does not lie in cryptography, the internet, or computer technology. These emerging technologies are merely means to achieve a goal. What Satoshi truly revolutionized is one of humanity's most important inventions: social structure.

比特币对不同的人意味着不同的事情。我想分享比特币对我的意义，并解释我认为是Satoshi的核心创新。首先，我想澄清，比特币创新的真实本质不在于密码学，互联网或计算机技术。这些新兴技术仅仅是实现目标的手段。 Satoshi真正革命的是人类最重要的发明之一：社会结构。

Social Structure Requires Integrity and Consensus

社会结构需要完整性和共识

"Integrity: doing the right thing even when no one is watching."

“诚信：即使没有人看着正确的事情，也要做正确的事。”

------ C.S. Lewis

------ CS刘易斯

When it comes to social structure, you might think of friendship, cultural traditions, or today's popular social media. However, people often overlook that money is also a form of social structure. In fact, the essence of money is social structure.

在社会结构方面，您可能会想到友谊，文化传统或当今流行的社交媒体。但是，人们经常忽略这笔钱也是社会结构的一种形式。实际上，金钱的本质是社会结构。

Money is a system that carries immense value, and the existence of this value depends on everyone collectively recognizing that money should "operate like money." Therefore, to understand the essence of money as a social structure, we need to clarify two questions: what does it mean for money to "operate like money," and why is it necessary for everyone to reach a consensus on this?

金钱是一个具有巨大价值的系统，这种价值的存在取决于每个人集体认识到金钱应该“像钱一样运作”。因此，要将金钱的本质理解为社会结构，我们需要澄清两个问题：“像金钱一样运作”意味着什么，为什么每个人都有必要就此达成共识？

People have some basic expectations of money: it cannot be printed endlessly at will; the money you hold will not disappear or increase without reason; you can freely use your money, and so on. These characteristics constitute what I call the inherent integrity of money. In other words, the essence of money determines that even if you are not constantly supervising it, it will still operate as you expect.

人们对金钱有一些基本的期望：它不能随意无休止地印刷；您持有的钱不会消失或无缘无故地增加；您可以自由使用您的钱，依此类推。这些特征构成了我所说的货币固有的完整性。换句话说，货币的本质决定，即使您不断监督它，它仍然会按照您的期望运行。

However, the inherent integrity of money is only one aspect. On the other hand, money also requires public trust (i.e., perceived integrity), meaning that there must be a broad consensus on its integrity across society; otherwise, money cannot maintain its value. For example, if there are rumors in society that the government will force banks to freeze assets, it will severely damage the public trust in money. Even if the rumors are false, money may begin to depreciate.

但是，金钱的固有完整性只是一个方面。另一方面，金钱还需要公众信任（即，感知的诚信），这意味着对整个社会的诚信必须达成广泛的共识；否则，金钱将无法维持其价值。例如，如果社会上有谣言称政府将迫使银行冻结资产，那将严重损害公众对货币的信任。即使谣言是错误的，钱也可能开始贬值。

In summary, the value of money depends on both its inherent integrity and public trust. Any structure whose value is entirely based on inherent integrity and public trust is a form of social structure. Money is the purest and most influential form of social structure (other forms will be discussed at the end of this article).

总之，货币的价值取决于其固有的诚信和公共信任。任何完全基于固有的完整性和公共信任的结构都是社会结构的一种形式。金钱是社会结构的最纯粹，最具影响力的形式（其他形式将在本文的末尾讨论）。

Human society has been continuously inventing and redefining money. The simplest method is for society to select a homogeneous and scarce physical resource to serve as money. In my elementary school days, this physical resource was chewing gum wrappers. In prisons, cigarettes served as currency; in some societies, it was shells, salt, and stones; for thousands of years until the eve of modern times, gold played the role of money. But today, money is mostly digital, its scarcity relies on state endorsement, and the power to manage this resource is entrusted to a few specific companies (i.e., banks). To a large extent, the value of money depends on how much we trust the integrity of the state and its mechanisms that operate the monetary system.

人类社会一直在不断发明和重新定义金钱。最简单的方法是让社会选择一种均匀且稀缺的物理资源来充当金钱。在我的小学时代，这种物理资源正在咀嚼胶包装纸。在监狱中，香烟用作货币；在某些社会中，是贝壳，盐和石头。数千年来，直到现代前夕，黄金扮演了金钱的角色。但是今天，金钱主要是数字化的，其稀缺性依赖于国家认可，管理此资源的权力委托给了一些特定的公司（即银行）。在很大程度上，货币的价值取决于我们信任国家的完整性及其运作货币体系的机制。

Bitcoin is a completely new way to realize the social structure of money. Its innovation does not lie in the use of computer and internet technology, but in how it utilizes the internet to realize money as a social structure. Specifically, Bitcoin adheres to the following three unprecedented principles: (1) broadness (i.e., decentralization), (2) incentive-based integrity, and (3) public verifiability. We will explain these principles one by one.

比特币是实现货币社会结构的全新方式。它的创新并不在于使用计算机和互联网技术，而在于它如何利用互联网将金钱作为一种社会结构。具体而言，比特币遵守以下三个前所未有的原则：（1）广泛（即权力下放），（2）基于激励的完整性和（3）公共验证性。我们将一一解释这些原则。

Broadness (Decentralization)

广泛（权力下放）

Bitcoin is defined by a protocol, which is a set of programs run by numerous computers connected via the internet. Traditional money also relies on protocols (e.g., the SWIFT system), but the difference with Bitcoin is that its protocol invites everyone to participate in the operation of the system on an equal basis. Each of us can freely download the open-source software that defines Bitcoin miners, participate in creating new blocks with our own computers, and update the state of the Bitcoin ledger (i.e., who owns how many bitcoins). Moreover, broad participation is not just for convenience; the security, integrity, and value of Bitcoin are directly related to the broadness of its operating nodes. The more people participate in mining, the more secure the Bitcoin network becomes, and the more the public trusts its integrity.

比特币由协议定义，该协议是由通过Internet连接的众多计算机运行的一组程序。传统货币也依赖于协议（例如Swift系统），但是比特币的区别在于，其协议邀请每个人平等地参与系统的操作。我们每个人都可以自由下载定义比特币矿工的开源软件，参与使用自己的计算机创建新块，并更新比特币分类帐的状态（即拥有多少比特币）。而且，广泛的参与不仅是为了方便；比特币的安全性，完整性和价值与其操作节点的广泛性直接相关。参与采矿的人越多，比特币网络就越安全，公众越信任其完整性。

In contrast, the traditional banking system does not welcome us to participate in its operations. At best, we can only understand our account situation within a very limited scope. "Broadness" is a true innovation in the history of human society, built on the principles of equality, autonomy, and democracy, which are the cornerstones of a free society. "Broadness" resonates with the ancient and fascinating idea of direct democracy, but goes further. Here, we are not only invited to participate

相比之下，传统的银行系统不欢迎我们参加其运营。充其量，我们只能在非常有限的范围内了解我们的帐户情况。 “宽广”是人类社会历史上的真正创新，建立在平等，自治和民主的原则上，这是自由社会的基石。 “宽广”引起了古老而有趣的直接民主观念的共鸣，但进一步发展。在这里，我们不仅被邀请参加