固定金錢：Satoshi對人類社會的破壞

比特幣對不同的人意味著不同的事情。我想分享比特幣對我的意義，並解釋我認為是Satoshi的核心創新。

Original Title: Fixing money: Satoshi's disruption of human society

原始標題：固定金錢：Satoshi對人類社會的破壞

Original Author: Eli Ben Sasson

原始作者：Eli Ben Sasson

Original Translation: Starknet 中文

Selected Overview

選定的概述

Bitcoin means different things to different people. I would like to share what Bitcoin means to me and explain what I believe to be Satoshi's core innovation. First, I want to clarify that the true essence of Bitcoin's innovation does not lie in cryptography, the internet, or computer technology. These emerging technologies are merely means to achieve a goal. What Satoshi truly revolutionized is one of humanity's most important inventions: social structure.

比特幣對不同的人意味著不同的事情。我想分享比特幣對我的意義，並解釋我認為是Satoshi的核心創新。首先，我想澄清，比特幣創新的真實本質不在於密碼學，互聯網或計算機技術。這些新興技術僅僅是實現目標的手段。 Satoshi真正革命的是人類最重要的發明之一：社會結構。

Social Structure Requires Integrity and Consensus

社會結構需要完整性和共識

"Integrity: doing the right thing even when no one is watching."

“誠信：即使沒有人看著正確的事情，也要做正確的事。”

------ C.S. Lewis

------ CS劉易斯

When it comes to social structure, you might think of friendship, cultural traditions, or today's popular social media. However, people often overlook that money is also a form of social structure. In fact, the essence of money is social structure.

在社會結構方面，您可能會想到友誼，文化傳統或當今流行的社交媒體。但是，人們經常忽略這筆錢也是社會結構的一種形式。實際上，金錢的本質是社會結構。

Money is a system that carries immense value, and the existence of this value depends on everyone collectively recognizing that money should "operate like money." Therefore, to understand the essence of money as a social structure, we need to clarify two questions: what does it mean for money to "operate like money," and why is it necessary for everyone to reach a consensus on this?

金錢是一個具有巨大價值的系統，這種價值的存在取決於每個人集體認識到金錢應該“像錢一樣運作”。因此，要將金錢的本質理解為社會結構，我們需要澄清兩個問題：“像金錢一樣運作”意味著什麼，為什麼每個人都有必要就此達成共識？

People have some basic expectations of money: it cannot be printed endlessly at will; the money you hold will not disappear or increase without reason; you can freely use your money, and so on. These characteristics constitute what I call the inherent integrity of money. In other words, the essence of money determines that even if you are not constantly supervising it, it will still operate as you expect.

人們對金錢有一些基本的期望：它不能隨意無休止地印刷；您持有的錢不會消失或無緣無故地增加；您可以自由使用您的錢，依此類推。這些特徵構成了我所說的貨幣固有的完整性。換句話說，貨幣的本質決定，即使您不斷監督它，它仍然會按照您的期望運行。

However, the inherent integrity of money is only one aspect. On the other hand, money also requires public trust (i.e., perceived integrity), meaning that there must be a broad consensus on its integrity across society; otherwise, money cannot maintain its value. For example, if there are rumors in society that the government will force banks to freeze assets, it will severely damage the public trust in money. Even if the rumors are false, money may begin to depreciate.

但是，金錢的固有完整性只是一個方面。另一方面，金錢還需要公眾信任（即，感知的誠信），這意味著對整個社會的誠信必須達成廣泛的共識；否則，金錢將無法維持其價值。例如，如果社會上有謠言稱政府將迫使銀行凍結資產，那將嚴重損害公眾對貨幣的信任。即使謠言是錯誤的，錢也可能開始貶值。

In summary, the value of money depends on both its inherent integrity and public trust. Any structure whose value is entirely based on inherent integrity and public trust is a form of social structure. Money is the purest and most influential form of social structure (other forms will be discussed at the end of this article).

總之，貨幣的價值取決於其固有的誠信和公共信任。任何完全基於固有的完整性和公共信任的結構都是社會結構的一種形式。金錢是社會結構的最純粹，最具影響力的形式（其他形式將在本文的末尾討論）。

Human society has been continuously inventing and redefining money. The simplest method is for society to select a homogeneous and scarce physical resource to serve as money. In my elementary school days, this physical resource was chewing gum wrappers. In prisons, cigarettes served as currency; in some societies, it was shells, salt, and stones; for thousands of years until the eve of modern times, gold played the role of money. But today, money is mostly digital, its scarcity relies on state endorsement, and the power to manage this resource is entrusted to a few specific companies (i.e., banks). To a large extent, the value of money depends on how much we trust the integrity of the state and its mechanisms that operate the monetary system.

人類社會一直在不斷發明和重新定義金錢。最簡單的方法是讓社會選擇一種均勻且稀缺的物理資源來充當金錢。在我的小學時代，這種物理資源正在咀嚼膠包裝紙。在監獄中，香煙用作貨幣；在某些社會中，是貝殼，鹽和石頭。數千年來，直到現代前夕，黃金扮演了金錢的角色。但是今天，金錢主要是數字化的，其稀缺性依賴於國家認可，管理此資源的權力委託給了一些特定的公司（即銀行）。在很大程度上，貨幣的價值取決於我們信任國家的完整性及其運作貨幣體系的機制。

Bitcoin is a completely new way to realize the social structure of money. Its innovation does not lie in the use of computer and internet technology, but in how it utilizes the internet to realize money as a social structure. Specifically, Bitcoin adheres to the following three unprecedented principles: (1) broadness (i.e., decentralization), (2) incentive-based integrity, and (3) public verifiability. We will explain these principles one by one.

比特幣是實現貨幣社會結構的全新方式。它的創新並不在於使用計算機和互聯網技術，而在於它如何利用互聯網將金錢作為一種社會結構。具體而言，比特幣遵守以下三個前所未有的原則：（1）廣泛（即權力下放），（2）基於激勵的完整性和（3）公共驗證性。我們將一一解釋這些原則。

Broadness (Decentralization)

廣泛（權力下放）

Bitcoin is defined by a protocol, which is a set of programs run by numerous computers connected via the internet. Traditional money also relies on protocols (e.g., the SWIFT system), but the difference with Bitcoin is that its protocol invites everyone to participate in the operation of the system on an equal basis. Each of us can freely download the open-source software that defines Bitcoin miners, participate in creating new blocks with our own computers, and update the state of the Bitcoin ledger (i.e., who owns how many bitcoins). Moreover, broad participation is not just for convenience; the security, integrity, and value of Bitcoin are directly related to the broadness of its operating nodes. The more people participate in mining, the more secure the Bitcoin network becomes, and the more the public trusts its integrity.

比特幣由協議定義，該協議是由通過Internet連接的眾多計算機運行的一組程序。傳統貨幣也依賴於協議（例如Swift系統），但是比特幣的區別在於，其協議邀請每個人平等地參與系統的操作。我們每個人都可以自由下載定義比特幣礦工的開源軟件，參與使用自己的計算機創建新塊，並更新比特幣分類帳的狀態（即擁有多少比特幣）。而且，廣泛的參與不僅是為了方便；比特幣的安全性，完整性和價值與其操作節點的廣泛性直接相關。參與採礦的人越多，比特幣網絡就越安全，公眾越信任其完整性。

In contrast, the traditional banking system does not welcome us to participate in its operations. At best, we can only understand our account situation within a very limited scope. "Broadness" is a true innovation in the history of human society, built on the principles of equality, autonomy, and democracy, which are the cornerstones of a free society. "Broadness" resonates with the ancient and fascinating idea of direct democracy, but goes further. Here, we are not only invited to participate

相比之下，傳統的銀行系統不歡迎我們參加其運營。充其量，我們只能在非常有限的範圍內了解我們的帳戶情況。 “寬廣”是人類社會歷史上的真正創新，建立在平等，自治和民主的原則上，這是自由社會的基石。 “寬廣”引起了古老而有趣的直接民主觀念的共鳴，但進一步發展。在這裡，我們不僅被邀請參加