以太坊（ETH）联合创始人Vitalik Buterin概述了从EVM转变为RISC-V架构的转变

以太坊（ETH）联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提出了区块链执行层的重大转变：用RISC-V架构逐渐替换以太坊虚拟机（EVM）。

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has put forth a substantial proposal to gradually replace the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with RISC-V architecture in a major shift for the blockchain's execution layer.

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提出了一项实质性建议，以逐渐用RISC-V体系结构逐步替换以太坊虚拟机（EVM），以大幅度转变区块链的执行层。

This transition, aiming for improved scalability, prover efficiency, and overall execution simplicity for Ethereum, would unfold in stages with dual VM support, ultimately leading to a complete RISC-V environment.

这种过渡旨在提高以太坊的可伸缩性，供效率和整体执行简单性，并将在双重VM支持的阶段展开，最终导致完整的RISC-V环境。

The proposal, shared on the Ethereum Magicians forum, stems from a pressing need for a long-term scaling solution as Buterin highlighted. In essence, zkEVM systems, designed to verify transactions with zero-knowledge proofs, dedicate a significant portion of their resources to executing EVM instructions.

该提议在以太坊魔术师论坛上分享的提案源于对Buterin强调的长期扩展解决方案的迫切需求。从本质上讲，ZKEVM系统旨在用零知识证明验证交易，将大部分资源专用于执行EVM指令。

"The majority of the prover's time is spent performing a large number of RISC-V instructions to execute the small amount of code that the interpreter is written in, and a small amount of prover time is spent executing the user's contract in the same RISC-V environment," Buterin explained.

Buterin解释说：“大部分摊子的时间都花在执行大量的RISC-V指令中，以执行口译员写入的少量代码，并且在同一RISC-V环境中执行用户的合同花费了少量的供体时间。”

This disparity in resource allocation has a direct impact on the efficiency of these systems. Buterin further emphasized that in testing phases, systems capable of compiling the EVM into RISC-V have already been developed.

资源分配的这种差异对这些系统的效率有直接影响。 Buterin进一步强调，在测试阶段，已经开发了能够将EVM编译为RISC-V的系统。

"We observe that in practice, we can achieve over 50x gains in going to a RISC-V environment, and in limited cases, over 100x gains," Buterin noted.

Buterin指出：“我们观察到，在实践中，我们可以在进入RISC-V环境中获得超过50倍的收益，在有限的情况下，超过100倍的收益。”

Moreover, this transition would align Ethereum's gas costs more closely with the actual computational expenses incurred. Buterin pointed out that currently, pre-complies, despite minimal computational load, consume a large share of gas due to the EVM's design.

此外，这种过渡将使以太坊的气体成本与实际的计算费用更加紧密地保持一致。巴特林指出，尽管计算负载最少，但目前，由于EVM的设计，预计仍消耗了很大一部分的气体。

But in a scenario where proving times become the dominant economic factor, there would be pressure to reduce inefficient pre-complies and focus on optimizing computational tasks performed by the RISC-V prover.

但是，在证明时代成为主要经济因素的情况下，将有压力减少效率低下的预定效果，并专注于优化RISC-V Prover执行的计算任务。

suggest several implementation options

建议一些实施选项

suggest several implementation optionsButerin proposed several implementation options, ranging from less to more disruptive. The least disruptive option would be to support both EVM and RISC-V contracts, Buterin said, adding that this would create "two-way interoperability."

建议几种实施方案布丁林提出了几种实施方案，从较少到更具破坏性。 Buterin说，最小破坏性的选择是支持EVM和RISC-V合同，并补充说，这将创造“双向互操作性”。

A more intermediate solution would be to introduce a formal concept of "virtual machine interpreters," starting with an EVM version implemented in RISC-V, which could be useful for supporting other virtual machines like Move in the future.

一个更中间的解决方案是引入一个正式的“虚拟机解释器”的概念，从RISC-V中实现的EVM版本开始，该版本可能对支持其他虚拟机（如将来的Move）很有用。

A more transformative approach would be to wrap existing EVM contracts in RISC-V interpreter contracts, preserving the behavior of the old contracts while streamlining the protocol.

一种更具变革性的方法是将现有的EVM合同包含在RISC-V解释器合同中，并在简化协议时保留旧合同的行为。

This proposal is still in its early stages and open to community discussion. But as Ethereum continues to evolve to meet future scaling demands, this idea could influence the roadmap.

该建议仍处于早期阶段，并接受社区讨论。但是，随着以太坊继续发展以满足未来扩展需求，这一想法可能会影响路线图。