以太坊（ETH）聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin概述了從EVM轉變為RISC-V架構的轉變

以太坊（ETH）聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了區塊鏈執行層的重大轉變：用RISC-V架構逐漸替換以太坊虛擬機（EVM）。

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has put forth a substantial proposal to gradually replace the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with RISC-V architecture in a major shift for the blockchain's execution layer.

以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了一項實質性建議，以逐漸用RISC-V體系結構逐步替換以太坊虛擬機（EVM），以大幅度轉變區塊鏈的執行層。

This transition, aiming for improved scalability, prover efficiency, and overall execution simplicity for Ethereum, would unfold in stages with dual VM support, ultimately leading to a complete RISC-V environment.

這種過渡旨在提高以太坊的可伸縮性，供效率和整體執行簡單性，並將在雙重VM支持的階段展開，最終導致完整的RISC-V環境。

The proposal, shared on the Ethereum Magicians forum, stems from a pressing need for a long-term scaling solution as Buterin highlighted. In essence, zkEVM systems, designed to verify transactions with zero-knowledge proofs, dedicate a significant portion of their resources to executing EVM instructions.

該提議在以太坊魔術師論壇上分享的提案源於對Buterin強調的長期擴展解決方案的迫切需求。從本質上講，ZKEVM系統旨在用零知識證明驗證交易，將大部分資源專用於執行EVM指令。

"The majority of the prover's time is spent performing a large number of RISC-V instructions to execute the small amount of code that the interpreter is written in, and a small amount of prover time is spent executing the user's contract in the same RISC-V environment," Buterin explained.

Buterin解釋說：“大部分攤子的時間都花在執行大量的RISC-V指令中，以執行口譯員寫入的少量代碼，並且在同一RISC-V環境中執行用戶的合同花費了少量的供體時間。”

This disparity in resource allocation has a direct impact on the efficiency of these systems. Buterin further emphasized that in testing phases, systems capable of compiling the EVM into RISC-V have already been developed.

資源分配的這種差異對這些系統的效率有直接影響。 Buterin進一步強調，在測試階段，已經開發了能夠將EVM編譯為RISC-V的系統。

"We observe that in practice, we can achieve over 50x gains in going to a RISC-V environment, and in limited cases, over 100x gains," Buterin noted.

Buterin指出：“我們觀察到，在實踐中，我們可以在進入RISC-V環境中獲得超過50倍的收益，在有限的情況下，超過100倍的收益。”

Moreover, this transition would align Ethereum's gas costs more closely with the actual computational expenses incurred. Buterin pointed out that currently, pre-complies, despite minimal computational load, consume a large share of gas due to the EVM's design.

此外，這種過渡將使以太坊的氣體成本與實際的計算費用更加緊密地保持一致。巴特林指出，儘管計算負載最少，但目前，由於EVM的設計，預計仍消耗了很大一部分的氣體。

But in a scenario where proving times become the dominant economic factor, there would be pressure to reduce inefficient pre-complies and focus on optimizing computational tasks performed by the RISC-V prover.

但是，在證明時代成為主要經濟因素的情況下，將有壓力減少效率低下的預定效果，並專注於優化RISC-V Prover執行的計算任務。

suggest several implementation options

建議一些實施選項

suggest several implementation optionsButerin proposed several implementation options, ranging from less to more disruptive. The least disruptive option would be to support both EVM and RISC-V contracts, Buterin said, adding that this would create "two-way interoperability."

建議幾種實施方案布丁林提出了幾種實施方案，從較少到更具破壞性。 Buterin說，最小破壞性的選擇是支持EVM和RISC-V合同，並補充說，這將創造“雙向互操作性”。

A more intermediate solution would be to introduce a formal concept of "virtual machine interpreters," starting with an EVM version implemented in RISC-V, which could be useful for supporting other virtual machines like Move in the future.

一個更中間的解決方案是引入一個正式的“虛擬機解釋器”的概念，從RISC-V中實現的EVM版本開始，該版本可能對支持其他虛擬機（如將來的Move）很有用。

A more transformative approach would be to wrap existing EVM contracts in RISC-V interpreter contracts, preserving the behavior of the old contracts while streamlining the protocol.

一種更具變革性的方法是將現有的EVM合同包含在RISC-V解釋器合同中，並在簡化協議時保留舊合同的行為。

This proposal is still in its early stages and open to community discussion. But as Ethereum continues to evolve to meet future scaling demands, this idea could influence the roadmap.

該建議仍處於早期階段，並接受社區討論。但是，隨著以太坊繼續發展以滿足未來擴展需求，這一想法可能會影響路線圖。