以太坊集中的黑暗面：块建筑商及其含义的主导地位

当一小群​​验证者或阻止构建者主导网络时，控制块生产和交易验证过程不成比例时，就会发生以太坊集中化。

Recent investigations highlight Ethereum block producers engaging in Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) tactics to maximize their profits from decentralized finance (DeFi) transactions, potentially compromising the network's decentralization and fairness. Exploiting the Best Profit Potential Through Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) Practicesmaximal extractable potential of block producers known as MEV represents the best profit they can obtain through transaction order manipulation within blocks under Proof-of-Work (PoW) mining or Proof-of-Stake (PoS) validation. This category of MEV includes three techniques: front-running, back-running, and sandwich attacks that usually result in unfavorable outcomes and higher transaction costs for regular users. Despite this fact, since Ethereum transitioned to Proof-of-Stake in September 2022 MEV extraction has reportedly stolen over 300,000 ETH in funds according to DeepChain's analysis.

最近的调查突出了以太坊块生产商从事最大可提取价值（MEV）策略，以最大程度地利用分散融资（DEFI）交易中的利润，从而可能损害网络的分散和公平性。通过最大可提取价值（MEV）实践（称为MEV）的最大可提取潜力来利用最佳利润潜力，这代表了他们可以通过在工作证明（POW）采矿或证明（POS）验证的块中通过交易订单操纵获得的最佳利润。此类别的MEV包括三种技术：前运行，后运行和三明治攻击，通常会导致不利的结果和较高的常规用户交易成本。尽管这一事实，根据Deepchain的分析，自2022年9月以太坊转变为2022年9月的MEV提取的资金以上的资金已偷走了超过30万ETH。

The Dark Side of Ethereum Centralization: Dominance of Block Builders and Its Implications

以太坊集中的黑暗面：块建筑商及其含义的主导地位

Ethereum is a blockchain network that aims to be decentralized but recent studies show that the broad validator network of Ethereum is facing a concerning pattern of block production becoming increasingly centralized. Block builders built 80% of Ethereum blocks during the period from October 2023 to March 2024 with three key builders—Blockhash, Flashbot and Bepro—holding the majority control. Among them Blockhash is the leading builder having constructed around 35% of new blocks on average since October 2023 while Bepro and Flashbot each built roughly 20% to 25% of the blocks.

以太坊是一个区块链网络，目的是分散，但最近的研究表明，以太坊的广泛验证者网络正面临着一种有关阻滞生产模式的越来越集中。从2023年10月到2024年3月，建筑商建造了80％的以太坊块，其中三个主要的建筑商（Blockhash，Flashbot和Bepro）持有多数控制。其中的Blockhash是领先的建筑商自2023年10月以来平均建造了约35％的新区块，而Bepro和Flashbot则建造了约20％至25％的块。

The block producers who participate in the Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) framework are able to distribute this work through a separation framework designed to fairly distribute rewards. However the report explains that the three main builders were able to use their dominant position to outbid others at block auctions leading to greater control over blocks produced. This situation arose because of the competitive nature of the architecture and it contributed to a single entity gaining an overwhelming presence in the market.

参与提议者建设者分离（PBS）框架的块生产商能够通过旨在公平分配奖励的分离框架来分发这项工作。但是，该报告解释说，这三个主要建筑商能够利用其主导地位来超过其他街区拍卖中的其他位置，从而使对产生的块的控制更大。由于建筑的竞争性质，因此出现了这种情况，并且导致一个实体在市场上获得压倒性的存在。

The implication is that the three main builders were able to accrue more capital allowing them to bid higher for blocks and thereby acquiring more blocks and further strengthening their market position in a snowballing effect that snowballed into a nearly monopolistic environment.

这意味着，三个主要的建筑商能够积累更多的资本，使他们能够更高竞标块，从而获得更多的障碍并进一步增强其市场地位，从而在滚雪球的效果中滚滚而滚雪球，使他们陷入了几乎垄断的环境。

A Final Note: Ethereum Price Prediction Could Be Impacted By MEV Exploitation

最后注意：以太坊价格预测可能会受到MEV剥削的影响

The last five-minute candlestick chart of Ethereum price displays an uptrend following a strong rebound from its crucial support at $1,875. The price maintained an upward trajectory by forming progressively higher lower positions before it crossed the resistance level at $1,915 and reached a peak of around $1,950. When RSI dropped into oversold areas it signaled buying opportunities and signaled selling conditions when approaching overbought regions. Bulls signs emerged from multiple golden crossovers within the MACD pattern which corresponded to higher price points and death crosses predictably signaled small price drawdowns.

以太坊价格的最后五分钟烛台图表显示了上升趋势，其关键支持的强劲反弹为1,875美元。价格通过在越来越高的较低位置越过阻力水平为1,915美元并达到1,950美元左右的峰值之前，保持了向上的轨迹。当RSI跌入超卖区域时，它标志着购买机会，并在接近超买区域时表示销售条件。公牛的迹象来自MACD模式中多个黄金跨界车的迹象，这对应于更高的价格点和死亡交叉，可预测的标志着小价格下降。

At present Ethereum keeps its price above the broken resistance which is now operating as support for the market. Persistent bullish market behaviors and sustained ETH prices above $1,930 could result in a price re-evaluation of the recent $1,950 high before reaching the important price milestone of $2,000. A decline below this support could indicate a steeper fall to $1,900 and potentially reach $1,880 if market sellers exert pressure through a $1,915 price break. Given that both the RSI and MACD indicators currently display neutral signals market sentiment can determine the breakout direction.

目前，以太坊将其价格保持在电阻损坏的范围之上，而电阻现在正在作为对市场的支持。持续的看涨市场行为和持续的ETH价格高于1,930美元，可能会导致价格重新评估最近的1,950美元高，然后才达到2,000美元的重要价格里程碑。低于此支持的下降可能表明，如果市场卖家通过1,915美元的价格下跌，则跌至1,900美元，并可能达到1,880美元。鉴于RSI和MACD指标当前都显示中性信号市场情绪都可以决定突破方向。