Croesus Stater或Croeseid：世界上第一个金币

在公元前六世纪中叶，莉迪亚（Lydia）国王克罗伊斯（King Croesus）铸造了世界上第一个金币。该硬币被称为Stater或Croeseid，代表了金融系统史上的关键转折点：黄金标准的发明。

The Croesus stater or Croeseid was the world's first gold coin, minted by King Croesus of Lydia in the mid-sixth century B.C. These coins marked a turning point in the history of financial systems with the invention of the gold standard.

Croesus Stater或Croeseid是世界上第一个金币，由Lydia国王Croesus在公元前六世纪中期铸造，这些硬币标志着金融系统史上的转折点，并发明了黄金标准。

Croesus ruled over the kingdom of Lydia, which spanned the western half of what is now Turkey, from 560 to 546 B.C. Thanks to his control over the precious metal deposits in the Pactolus River (now known as the Sart Çayı), Croesus was already a wealthy man. He further expanded his power by establishing diplomatic ties and trade relationships with Egypt, Greece and Babylon.

克罗伊索斯（Croesus）统治着莉迪亚（Lydia）的王国，该王国跨越了现在土耳其的西半部分，这要归功于公元前560年至546年，这要归功于他对帕托鲁斯河（Pactolus River）的贵金属沉积物的控制（现在称为sartCisCoesus），Croesus已经是一个有钱人。他通过与埃及，希腊和巴比伦建立外交联系和贸易关系进一步扩大了权力。

This trade was facilitated through the invention of coins — small, circular bits of precious metal — which were first issued by Croesus' father, Alyattes, around 650 B.C. However, Alyattes made his coins out of electrum, a naturally occurring gold-and-silver alloy that often has bits of other metals in it. While Alyattes' coins were standardized based on weight, the varying ratio of gold to silver in electrum made the value of the coins unpredictable.

这项交易是通过硬币的发明（小的，小的贵金属的发明）来促进的 - 克罗伊索斯的父亲Alyattes首次发行了，但大约公元前650年，Alyattes将硬币从电气中脱颖而经常有其他金属的合金。虽然基于重量标准化了Alyattes的硬币，但在Electrum中黄金与银的变化比例使硬币的值不可预测。

Croesus decided to change the variable electrum coins into two separate denominations to eliminate the guesswork on valuation. He set up workshops in Sardis, the capital of Lydia, to refine gold and silver from electrum. These first coins were about the size of a dime and were standardized at 10.7 grams (about one-third of an ounce). There was a consistent exchange rate between gold and silver, making Croesus' system the world's first two-metal monetary system and the earliest gold standard.

Croesus决定将可变的电力硬币更改为两个单独的面额，以消除估值的猜测。他在莉迪亚（Lydia）的首都萨迪斯（Sardis）举办了研讨会，以优化伊莱克（Electrum）的黄金和银色。这些第一枚硬币大约是一角钱的大小，并以10.7克（约为盎司的三分之一）进行标准化。黄金和白银之间的汇率始终如一，使克罗伊索斯的系统成为世界上第一个两级货币制度，也是最早的金标准。

Both the gold and silver Croeseids had the same design. On one side were the front parts of a lion and a bull. The symbolism may reflect a common Near Eastern motif, or each animal may represent one of the precious metals. On the back of the coin, two squares were hammered into the gold staters and one into the silver ones. Soon after Croesus invented modern coinage, the idea was adopted throughout the ancient world.

黄金和银色的克罗塞德都具有相同的设计。一侧是狮子和公牛的前部。象征主义可能反映出一个近东部图案，或者每只动物可能代表其中一种贵金属。在硬币的背面，将两个正方形锤入黄金庄严的庄严中，一个正方形被击中。克罗伊索斯（Croesus）发明了现代造币后不久，整个古代世界都采用了这个想法。

Although Croesus lost the kingdom of Lydia to Persia during the Siege of Sardis in 546 B.C., his name and reputation as a wealthy man live on in the phrase "as rich as Croesus."

尽管在公元前546年萨迪斯（Sardis）围困期间，克罗伊索斯（Croesus）将莉迪亚（Lydia）的王国丢给了波斯，但他作为一个有钱人的名字和声誉生活在“像克罗伊索斯（Croesus）一样丰富”的短语中。