Croesus Stater或Croeseid：世界上第一個金幣

在公元前六世紀中葉，莉迪亞（Lydia）國王克羅伊斯（King Croesus）鑄造了世界上第一個金幣。該硬幣被稱為Stater或Croeseid，代表了金融系統史上的關鍵轉折點：黃金標準的發明。

The Croesus stater or Croeseid was the world's first gold coin, minted by King Croesus of Lydia in the mid-sixth century B.C. These coins marked a turning point in the history of financial systems with the invention of the gold standard.

Croesus Stater或Croeseid是世界上第一個金幣，由Lydia國王Croesus在公元前六世紀中期鑄造，這些硬幣標誌著金融系統史上的轉折點，並發明了黃金標準。

Croesus ruled over the kingdom of Lydia, which spanned the western half of what is now Turkey, from 560 to 546 B.C. Thanks to his control over the precious metal deposits in the Pactolus River (now known as the Sart Çayı), Croesus was already a wealthy man. He further expanded his power by establishing diplomatic ties and trade relationships with Egypt, Greece and Babylon.

克羅伊索斯（Croesus）統治著莉迪亞（Lydia）的王國，該王國跨越了現在土耳其的西半部分，這要歸功於公元前560年至546年，這要歸功於他對帕托魯斯河（Pactolus River）的貴金屬沉積物的控制（現在稱為sartCisCoesus），Croesus已經是一個有錢人。他通過與埃及，希臘和巴比倫建立外交聯繫和貿易關係進一步擴大了權力。

This trade was facilitated through the invention of coins — small, circular bits of precious metal — which were first issued by Croesus' father, Alyattes, around 650 B.C. However, Alyattes made his coins out of electrum, a naturally occurring gold-and-silver alloy that often has bits of other metals in it. While Alyattes' coins were standardized based on weight, the varying ratio of gold to silver in electrum made the value of the coins unpredictable.

這項交易是通過硬幣的發明（小的，小的貴金屬的發明）來促進的 - 克羅伊索斯的父親Alyattes首次發行了，但大約公元前650年，Alyattes將硬幣從電氣中脫穎而經常有其他金屬的合金。雖然基於重量標準化了Alyattes的硬幣，但Electrum中黃金與銀的變化比例使硬幣的值不可預測。

Croesus decided to change the variable electrum coins into two separate denominations to eliminate the guesswork on valuation. He set up workshops in Sardis, the capital of Lydia, to refine gold and silver from electrum. These first coins were about the size of a dime and were standardized at 10.7 grams (about one-third of an ounce). There was a consistent exchange rate between gold and silver, making Croesus' system the world's first two-metal monetary system and the earliest gold standard.

Croesus決定將可變的電力硬幣更改為兩個單獨的面額，以消除估值的猜測。他在莉迪亞（Lydia）的首都薩迪斯（Sardis）舉辦了研討會，以優化伊萊克（Electrum）的黃金和銀色。這些第一枚硬幣大約是一角錢的大小，並以10.7克（約為盎司的三分之一）進行標準化。黃金和白銀之間的匯率始終如一，使克羅伊索斯的系統成為世界上第一個兩級貨幣制度，也是最早的金標準。

Both the gold and silver Croeseids had the same design. On one side were the front parts of a lion and a bull. The symbolism may reflect a common Near Eastern motif, or each animal may represent one of the precious metals. On the back of the coin, two squares were hammered into the gold staters and one into the silver ones. Soon after Croesus invented modern coinage, the idea was adopted throughout the ancient world.

黃金和銀色的克羅塞德都具有相同的設計。一側是獅子和公牛的前部。象徵主義可能反映出一個近東部圖案，或者每隻動物可能代表其中一種貴金屬。在硬幣的背面，將兩個正方形錘入黃金莊嚴的莊嚴中，一個正方形被擊中。克羅伊索斯（Croesus）發明了現代造幣後不久，整個古代世界都採用了這個想法。

Although Croesus lost the kingdom of Lydia to Persia during the Siege of Sardis in 546 B.C., his name and reputation as a wealthy man live on in the phrase "as rich as Croesus."

儘管在公元前546年薩迪斯（Sardis）圍困期間，克羅伊索斯（Croesus）將莉迪亞（Lydia）的王國丟給了波斯，但他作為一個有錢人的名字和聲譽生活在“像克羅伊索斯（Croesus）一樣豐富”的短語中。