宇宙华尔兹：星系碰撞，星形形式和超新星爆炸

星系并不害羞地在壮观的时尚中互相碰撞，通过宇宙碰撞互相改造。

Two spiral galaxies, IC 2163 and NGC 2207, are slowly colliding, creating a stunning cosmic spectacle. The impact has already left visible marks on the galaxies, elongating their arms into long structures due to tidal forces.

两个螺旋星系IC 2163和NGC 2207正在慢慢碰撞，创造了令人惊叹的宇宙景象。这种影响已经在星系上留下了可见的痕迹，由于潮汐力，将它们的手臂延伸成长结构。

Webb's mid-infrared images reveal red shock fronts and “eyelids” around IC 2163, showcasing the extreme gravitational force and incredible shape deformation. As time progresses, the galaxies will continue to interact, further altering their appearances.

韦伯的中红外图像显示了IC 2163附近的红色冲击战线和“眼睑”，展示了极端的引力力和令人难以置信的形状变形。随着时间的流逝，星系将继续互动，进一步改变其外观。

One spectacular consequence of the galactic collision is the increased rate of star formation. Together, IC 2163 and NGC 2207 are generating an estimated two dozen Sun-like stars per year, significantly faster than the Milky Way's average of two to three stars annually.

银河碰撞的壮观后果是恒星形成的速率增加。 IC 2163和NGC 2207共同每年产生二十颗阳光的恒星，比银河系平均每年平均两到三颗星的恒星要快得多。

The enhanced star formation is directly influenced by the gravitational forces of the collision, which compress and collapse the gas and dust within the galaxies, triggering new star formation. Hubble ultraviolet imaging and Webb mid-infrared data show cool cores of star formation.

增强的恒星形成直接受碰撞的重力的影响，碰撞的重力压缩和折叠了星系中的气体和尘埃，从而触发了新的恒星形成。哈勃紫外线成像和Webb中红外数据显示了恒星形成的凉爽核心。

Blue areas observed by Hubble represent the stars and birth of new stars, while pictures taken by Webb show regions of high activity in shades of pink and white. These stellar nurseries are superstar clusters in the upper spiral arms of NGC 2207 and mini starbursts randomly distributed across both galaxies.

哈勃观察到的蓝色区域代表了新星的恒星和出生，而韦伯拍摄的图片显示了粉红色和白色阴影高活动的区域。这些恒星的苗圃是NGC 2207上螺旋臂的超级巨星簇，并且在两个星系中随机分布的迷你星爆。

They are the sites where stars are being formed in spectacularly rapid succession, as if the galaxies are competing to create an ever-increasing number of new stellar objects. In addition to these active star-forming regions, at least seven supernovae have occurred in the galaxies over the past few decades.

它们是恒星以惊人的快速继承形成的地点，好像星系正在竞争创建不断增加的新恒星对象一样。除了这些活跃的恒星形成区域外，在过去几十年中，星系中至少发生了七个超新星。

Every supernova plays a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies (just like this Sombrero galaxy, which has a mysterious glow). Explosions clear out space in the galactic arms, redistributing the nearby gas and dust and concentrating the new star formation in the gaps left behind. These stellar eruptions significantly impact the ongoing evolution of these galaxies.

每个超新星在星系的发展中都起着至关重要的作用（就像这个具有神秘光芒的Sombrero Galaxy一样）。爆炸清除了银河臂上的空间，重新分布附近的气体和灰尘，并将新的星形构造集中在留下的缝隙中。这些恒星爆发显着影响了这些星系的持续发展。

As IC 2163 and NGC 2207 continue to interact, their gravitational pulls will shape their arms, cores, and overall appearances. Eventually, their forms may merge, leaving a single galaxy with a luminous core—an even brighter “eye” than we witness today.

随着IC 2163和NGC 2207继续相互作用，它们的引力拉力将塑造其手臂，核心和整体外观。最终，他们的形式可能会合并，留下一个带有发光核心的星系，甚至比我们今天所看到的更明亮的“眼睛”。

However, the stellar formation rate will gradually decrease as the gas and dust residuals are depleted. The exhaustion of stellar-forming gas will lead to a reduction in the galaxy growth rate. The roaring of stellar formation will subside, and the once-energetic galaxies will settle down into more quiescent, less dynamic structures. This transformation is an inherent part of the evolution of galaxies that have experienced strong gravitational interactions.

但是，随着气体和灰尘残留的耗尽，恒星形成速率将逐渐降低。恒星形成气体的耗尽将导致星系生长速率降低。恒星形成的咆哮将消失，曾经能量的星系将沉降到更加静止的，较少的动态结构中。这种转换是经历了强烈引力相互作用的星系演变的固有部分。

The captivating images of IC 2163 and NGC 2207, obtained by the James Webb and Hubble telescopes, respectively, showcase the universe's beauty and complexity. These galaxies' blood-dripping “eyes” symbolize the eternal cosmic waltz, where dying meets living in the creation of the cosmos.

由詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）和哈勃望远镜（Hubble Telescopes）获得的IC 2163和NGC 2207的迷人图像展示了宇宙的美丽和复杂性。这些星系的鲜血“眼睛”象征着永恒的宇宙华尔兹，垂死的人遇到了生活在宇宙的创造中。

Through advanced telescopes, we get a glimpse of the forces of gravity, star formation, and supernovae at work, crafting the destiny of galaxies. This cosmic play continues to unfold, offering rich opportunities for unraveling the universe's secrets (like the historic find found by the JWST on Question Mark Galaxy).

通过高级望远镜，我们可以瞥见重力，星形形成和超新星的工作，从而制作了星系的命运。这场宇宙游戏继续展开，为揭开宇宙的秘密提供了丰富的机会（就像JWST在问号Mark Galaxy上发现的历史发现一样）。