加州州长 Gavin Newsom 否决人工智能安全法案 SB 1047，理由是对创新进行不必要的限制

埃里温 (CoinChapter.com) — 9 月 30 日，加州州长 Gavin Newsom 否决了 SB 1047，一项广泛讨论的人工智能安全法案。

California Governor Gavin Newsom has vetoed a bill that aimed to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) safety in the state, following strong opposition from major tech companies.

在大型科技公司的强烈反对下，加州州长加文·纽瑟姆 (Gavin Newsom) 否决了一项旨在监管该州人工智能 (AI) 安全的法案。

The bill, SB 1047, was titled the Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act. It faced significant opposition from the tech industry in Silicon Valley, which argued that the bill's regulations would hinder AI development in California and ultimately harm innovation.

该法案名为 SB 1047，名为《前沿人工智能模型安全创新法案》。它遭到了硅谷科技行业的强烈反对，他们认为该法案的规定将阻碍加州人工智能的发展，并最终损害创新。

In a statement on Sep. 29, Newsom said that the bill had good intentions but focused too heavily on regulating existing AI firms. He added that the bill failed to address the real risks posed by evolving AI technologies and instead imposed unnecessary restrictions on even basic AI functions.

纽瑟姆在 9 月 29 日的一份声明中表示，该法案的初衷是好的，但过于关注对现有人工智能公司的监管。他补充说，该法案未能解决不断发展的人工智能技术带来的真正风险，反而对基本的人工智能功能施加了不必要的限制。

"This bill largely applies retroactively to a small number of existing technologies and does not advance our goal of ensuring the safe development of future AI models," Newsom said in his veto message.

纽瑟姆在否决信息中表示：“该法案在很大程度上追溯适用于少数现有技术，并且不会推进我们确保未来人工智能模型安全开发的目标。”

The bill proposed mandatory safety tests for AI models and required developers to implement a "kill switch" for their AI systems, which could be used by the state to deactivate the models in case of extreme risks. It also stated that AI developers could face legal action from the state attorney general if their models posed a threat, such as taking control of critical infrastructure.

该法案提出对人工智能模型进行强制性安全测试，并要求开发人员为其人工智能系统实施“终止开关”，国家可以利用该开关在出现极端风险时停用模型。它还表示，如果人工智能开发人员的模型构成威胁，例如控制关键基础设施，人工智能开发人员可能会面临州总检察长的法律诉讼。

The bill targeted large-scale AI models that cost over $100 million to develop, which raised concerns from industry experts. Neil Chilson, head of AI policy at the Abundance Institute, told CoinChapter that the bill's scope could eventually expand to cover smaller developers as well.

该法案针对的是开发成本超过 1 亿美元的大规模人工智能模型，这引起了行业专家的担忧。 Abundance Institute 人工智能政策负责人 Neil Chilson 告诉 CoinChapter，该法案的范围最终可能会扩大到涵盖小型开发商。

"The bill is poorly drafted and could be interpreted to apply to any company using AI models, even small startups," Chilson said.

奇尔森说：“该法案起草得不好，可以被解释为适用于任何使用人工智能模型的公司，甚至是小型初创公司。”

Governor Newsom mentioned that he had consulted with AI safety experts and emphasized the need for "workable guardrails" based on scientific analysis. He ordered state agencies to continue evaluating the potential risks posed by advanced AI models.

纽瑟姆州长提到，他已经咨询了人工智能安全专家，并强调需要基于科学分析的“可行的护栏”。他命令国家机构继续评估先进人工智能模型带来的潜在风险。

"While I am vetoing this bill today, I want to be clear that I fully support the Legislature's efforts to evaluate the risks and benefits of advanced AI models and to put in place strong safety measures," Newsom said.

纽瑟姆说：“虽然我今天否决了这项法案，但我想明确表示，我完全支持立法机关评估先进人工智能模型的风险和收益并采取强有力的安全措施的努力。”

Several lawmakers, including former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, opposed SB 1047, arguing that the bill would hinder AI innovation, which is crucial to California's economy. Major tech firms also expressed concerns that the bill would limit AI development and growth.

包括前众议院议长南希·佩洛西在内的几位议员反对 SB 1047，认为该法案将阻碍人工智能创新，而人工智能创新对加州经济至关重要。大型科技公司也担心该法案将限制人工智能的发展和增长。

In contrast, Elon Musk supported the bill and broader AI regulations. On Aug. 26, Musk posted on X, saying that

相比之下，埃隆·马斯克支持该法案和更广泛的人工智能法规。 8月26日，马斯克在X上发帖表示，

"California should probably pass the SB 1047 AI safety bill,"

“加州或许应该通过 SB 1047 人工智能安全法案，”

though he acknowledged that it was a difficult decision.

尽管他承认这是一个艰难的决定。

Despite his veto, Newsom stressed the importance of adopting strong AI safety measures, citing that his administration had passed over 18 AI-related bills in the past 30 days.

尽管拥有否决权，纽瑟姆还是强调了采取强有力的人工智能安全措施的重要性，并指出他的政府在过去 30 天内通过了超过 18 项与人工智能相关的法案。