Brollups：新的比特币 Layer-2 有望在 DeFi 领域带来新的用例，而无需分叉网络

Burak 是著名黑客，他于 2022 年 11 月激活了闪电网络扩容链上的一个漏洞，现在他正在向市场推出自己的基于比特币的第 2 层

The famous hacker who activated a bug on the Lightning Network scaling chain in November 2022 is introducing his own Bitcoin-based layer-2 to the market: “Brollups”.

2022 年 11 月激活闪电网络扩容链上的漏洞的著名黑客正在向市场推出他自己的基于比特币的第 2 层：“Brollups”。

The new product called brings several improvements to Bitcoin’s cryptographic infrastructure by introducing new use cases in the field of decentralized finance without having to resort to a fork and without having to introduce a new token.

这款名为的新产品通过在去中心化金融领域引入新的用例，为比特币的加密基础设施带来了一些改进，而无需诉诸分叉，也无需引入新的代币。

Let’s see everything in detail below.

下面让我们详细看看一切。

The hacker of the Lightning Network presents Brollups and introduces new use cases for Bitcoin’s layer-2

闪电网络的黑客展示了 Brollups 并介绍了比特币第 2 层的新用例

Burak, a cryptographic developer who was a key figure in the hacker attack on the Lightning Network in November 2022, is about to launch his own Bitcoin layer-2 called “Brollups”.

Burak 是一名加密货币开发人员，是 2022 年 11 月闪电网络黑客攻击的关键人物，他即将推出自己的比特币第 2 层，名为“Brollups”。

It is a second-layer blockchain anchored to the superior DA (data availability), offering a new type of Bitcoin-native rollup design as it groups transactions together, providing greater scalability without the need to fork Bitcoin or issue a secondary token.

它是一个锚定于高级 DA（数据可用性）的第二层区块链，提供了一种新型的比特币原生汇总设计，因为它将交易分组在一起，提供了更大的可扩展性，而无需分叉比特币或发行二级代币。

This type of layer-2 is still in the design phase, with the launch in testnet expected by the end of the year, but already now it plans to support over 90% of the upcoming use cases that will be introduced in DeFi.

这种类型的 Layer-2 仍处于设计阶段，预计将于今年年底在测试网中推出，但现在它已经计划支持 DeFi 中即将引入的 90% 以上的用例。

According to what was reported by the same creator of the new chain:

根据新链的同一创建者的报道：

“Whether listing an NFT for sale in exchange for Bitcoin where the buyer pays with Bitcoin at the time of execution or placing a symbolic sell order on a decentralized exchange, [all of this is] executed atomically, verifiable, scalable, and enforceable on Bitcoin.”

“无论是列出 NFT 以换取比特币（买家在执行时用比特币付款）还是在去中心化交易所下象征性卖单，[所有这一切]都是在比特币上以原子方式执行、可验证、可扩展且可执行”。

The creator of Brollups is not new to this kind of chains: last year he indeed created a competitor of Lightning Network called Ark Protocol.

Brollups 的创建者对这种链并不陌生：去年他确实创建了闪电网络的竞争对手，名为 Ark Protocol。

Introducing Brollups: a Bitcoin-native rollup design that works with a native Bitcoin peg and requires no changes to the Bitcoin protocol.https://t.co/OW2y0xJrg0

Brollups 简介：比特币原生的 rollup 设计，可与原生比特币挂钩配合使用，无需更改比特币协议。https://t.co/OW2y0xJrg0

According to what was reported by Burak, the architecture of Brollups differs from optimistic rollup (Optimism, Arbitrum) and zk-rollups (Starknet, Zksync) typical of the Ethereum blockchain.

根据 Burak 的报道，Brollups 的架构不同于以太坊区块链典型的 optimistic rollup（Optimism、Arbitrum）和 zk-rollups（Starknet、Zksync）。

These types of networks are in fact managed by a central operator or by a quorum of operators, who provide liquidity to the protocol and advance the state of rollup by chaining Bitcoin transactions at regular intervals.

这些类型的网络实际上由中央运营商或法定运营商管理，他们为协议提供流动性，并通过定期链接比特币交易来推进汇总状态。

They are based on the concept of using virtual UTXOs (VTXO) as a peg within smart contracts, relying on layer-1 as the data availability layer and executing transactions on the custom VM of the Bitcoin Virtual Machine.

它们基于使用虚拟 UTXO (VTXO) 作为智能合约中的挂钩的概念，依赖第 1 层作为数据可用性层，并在比特币虚拟机的自定义 VM 上执行交易。

The VTXO can be used off-chain (and therefore implemented with smart contracts) while the calldata are verified by the clients. The VTXO are seen as bytes, while the calldata interpret the bytes: combining them gives rise to automated on-chain conditions typical of DeFi contracts

VTXO 可以在链外使用（因此可以通过智能合约实现），同时调用数据由客户端验证。 VTXO 被视为字节，而 calldata 解释字节：将它们组合起来会产生 DeFi 合约典型的自动化链上条件

Simplificano Burak wrote in his blog post that:

Simplificano Burak 在他的博客文章中写道：

“The brollup are, in short, the coins between VTXO and calldata.”

“简而言之，brollup 是 VTXO 和 calldata 之间的代币。”

The Bitcoin community immediately congratulated the layer-2 developer for introducing a new network that does not require changes to the protocol but at the same time allows for the introduction of new use cases in the field of decentralized finance.

比特币社区立即祝贺第 2 层开发人员引入了一个新网络，该网络不需要更改协议，但同时允许在去中心化金融领域引入新的用例。

Despite this, some experts in the field have pointed out to Burak that, contrary to what was written in his post, it is not true that all zk-rollups are based on the fundamental dependency on a reliable setup as there are already several systems like STARK, Halo, and Plonky2 that do not require this step.

尽管如此，该领域的一些专家向 Burak 指出，与他在帖子中所写的相反，并非所有 zk-rollups 都基于对可靠设置的基本依赖，因为已经有几个系统，例如不需要此步骤的 STARK、Halo 和 Plonky2。

Furthermore, some are asking questions regarding the operational cost that the layer-2 Brollups will require to verify and control all the keys in the KDC session.

此外，有些人还询问有关第 2 层 Brollups 验证和控制 KDC 会话中所有密钥所需的运营成本的问题。

Another interesting invention Burak! Some small corrections:

另一个有趣的发明布拉克！一些小修正：

> ZKP rollups are built upon a fundamental reliance on a trusted setup

> ZKP 汇总建立在对可信设置的基本依赖之上

not true for all ZKP rollups, there are several types of proving systems now that do not require a trusted setup (e.g. STARKs, Halo, Plonky2)

并非所有 ZKP 汇总都是如此，现在有几种类型的证明系统不需要可信设置（例如 STARKs、Halo、Plonky2）

The attack by Burak in 2022 on the layer-2 Lightning network

2022年Burak对二层闪电网络的攻击

Diving into the past, we see how the same developer Burak who is about to introduce “Brollup”, in 2022 had organized a hacker attack on the layer-2 network of Bitcoin Lightning Network.

回顾过去，我们看到即将推出“Brollup”的同一位开发者 Burak 在 2022 年是如何组织对比特币闪电网络第二层网络的黑客攻击的。

In that circumstance, the user exploited a bug on the network, causing the temporary fall of all nodes, however, without proceeding with malicious intents and without stealing any funds from the second-level chain. In particular, the nodes had stopped synchronizing due to an issue with the btcd analysis library.

在这种情况下，用户利用了网络上的漏洞，导致所有节点暂时瘫痪，但并没有恶意，也没有从二级链窃取任何资金。特别是，由于 btcd 分析库出现问题，节点已停止同步。

According to what was reported at the time by Lightning Labs, it was necessary to activate an emergency update on the network a few hours after the incident, avoiding harmful consequences to the non-updated nodes that are closed by timelock if not connected and synchronized within two weeks.

根据闪电实验室当时的报道，事件发生几小时后，有必要在网络上启动紧急更新，避免对因时间锁而关闭的未更新节点，如果在规定时间内未连接和同步而造成有害后果。两周。

B

乙