量子運算：區塊鏈安全迫在眉睫的威脅

馬西米利亞諾·薩拉教授表示，量子運算對區塊鏈安全構成了重大威脅。目前，區塊鏈加密依賴經典電腦難以解決的數學問題，但量子電腦可能會破解這些加密，使數位簽章和區塊鏈資產變得脆弱。薩拉強調需要做好「Q-day」準備，呼籲用抗量子方法取代目前的加密方法，並開發後量子密碼演算法。全球倡議和學術計畫正在努力應對這些威脅，包括建立量子安全密碼學標準以及對密碼學家進行新興抗量子方法的培訓。

Quantum Computing: A Looming Threat to Blockchain Security

量子運算：區塊鏈安全迫在眉睫的威脅

In the realm of technology, quantum computing has emerged as a formidable force, capable of revolutionizing various industries. However, for Bitcoin enthusiasts and blockchain users, it poses a chilling threat that necessitates urgent action. Professor Massimiliano Sala, a mathematician from the University of Trento, has issued a dire warning about the potential consequences of quantum computing on blockchain security.

在技​​術領域，量子運算已成為一股強大的力量，能夠徹底改變各個產業。然而，對於比特幣愛好者和區塊鏈用戶來說，它構成了令人不寒而慄的威脅，需要採取緊急行動。特倫託大學數學家 Massimiliano Sala 教授就量子運算對區塊鏈安全的潛在後果發出了可怕的警告。

Sala's concerns center on the concept of "Q-day" - a hypothetical moment when advancements in quantum computing will render current encryption methods obsolete. Algorithms that safeguard digital signatures, the cornerstone of blockchain security, rely on mathematical problems that are exceedingly complex for classical computers to solve. However, quantum computers could effortlessly unravel these algorithms, unleashing a "blockchain apocalypse" that would compromise user assets.

薩拉的擔憂集中在「Q-day」的概念上——這是一個假設的時刻，量子計算的進步將使當前的加密方法變得過時。保護數位簽章的演算法是區塊鏈安全的基石，它依賴經典電腦無法解決的極其複雜的數學問題。然而，量子電腦可以毫不費力地解開這些演算法，引發“區塊鏈災難”，危及用戶資產。

"Quantum computers could effortlessly solve problems foundational to digital signatures, undermining mechanisms that protect users' assets," Sala cautions in a recent lecture hosted by Ripple.

「量子電腦可以毫不費力地解決數位簽章的基礎問題，破壞保護用戶資產的機制，」薩拉在 Ripple 最近主持的一次講座中警告。

The urgency of this threat is heightened by the rapid advancements in quantum computing research at academic and commercial laboratories worldwide. Major institutions such as MIT, Google, IBM, and universities across the globe are making significant breakthroughs. The proliferation of powerful quantum computers could spell disaster for the cryptographic underpinnings of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.

全球學術和商業實驗室量子計算研究的快速進步加劇了這種威脅的迫切性。麻省理工學院、Google、IBM 等主要機構和全球大學正在取得重大突破。強大的量子電腦的擴散可能會為比特幣等加密貨幣的加密基礎帶來災難。

Sala's warning has sparked an arms race to develop new "post-quantum" or "quantum-resistant" cryptographic algorithms that can withstand quantum hacking attempts. Promising candidates include cryptographic techniques based on complex lattice math problems or decoding linear codes. However, integrating these advanced methods into blockchain infrastructure poses a major challenge, potentially requiring a complete overhaul of the core encryption framework.

薩拉的警告引發了一場軍備競賽，旨在開發新的「後量子」或「抗量子」密碼演算法，以抵禦量子駭客攻擊。有前途的候選人包括基於複雜格數學問題或解碼線性程式碼的加密技術。然而，將這些先進方法整合到區塊鏈基礎設施中提出了重大挑戰，可能需要對核心加密框架進行徹底檢修。

In response to this looming threat, experts are advocating for the adoption of quantum-safe cryptography standards. Global initiatives like the NIST standardization process are underway to establish a common framework for evaluating and implementing quantum-safe algorithms. Sala emphasizes the need to update academic curricula and train future cryptographers in these emerging techniques. He also urges blockchain teams to actively participate in standardization forums and collaborate with quantum encryption experts to prepare for the inevitable advent of the quantum era.

為了應對這種迫在眉睫的威脅，專家們提倡採用量子安全密碼標準。 NIST 標準化流程等全球措施正在進行中，旨在建立評估和實施量子安全演算法的通用框架。薩拉強調需要更新學術課程並培訓未來的密碼學家這些新興技術。他還敦促區塊鏈團隊積極參與標準化論壇，並與量子加密專家合作，為不可避免的量子時代的到來做好準備。

While the immediate availability of ultra-powerful quantum computers is uncertain, Sala underscores that the potential risks are too grave to ignore or underestimate. "The probability of these quantum threats actually happening may not be right around the corner, but it is still significant enough that we need to take proactive measures," Sala warns.

雖然超強大量子電腦的立即可用性尚不確定，但薩拉強調，潛在風險太嚴重，不容忽視或低估。薩拉警告說：“這些量子威脅實際發生的可能性可能不會馬上到來，但它仍然足夠重要，我們需要採取積極主動的措施。”

The implications of a blockchain security breach facilitated by quantum computing are truly staggering. Trillions of dollars in finance, legal transactions, and cryptocurrency assets are secured by blockchain encryption technology. A scenario where quantum computers can breach this encryption could trigger a digital nightmare of unprecedented proportions.

量子運算引發的區塊鏈安全漏洞的影響確實令人震驚。數兆美元的金融、合法交易和加密貨幣資產由區塊鏈加密技術保護。量子電腦突破這種加密的情況可能會引發前所未有的數位噩夢。