量子计算：区块链安全迫在眉睫的威胁

马西米利亚诺·萨拉教授表示，量子计算对区块链安全构成了重大威胁。目前，区块链加密依赖于经典计算机难以解决的数学问题，但量子计算机可能会破解这些加密，使数字签名和区块链资产变得脆弱。萨拉强调需要做好“Q-day”准备，呼吁用抗量子方法取代当前的加密方法，并开发后量子密码算法。全球倡议和学术项目正在努力应对这些威胁，包括建立量子安全密码学标准以及对密码学家进行新兴抗量子方法的培训。

Quantum Computing: A Looming Threat to Blockchain Security

量子计算：区块链安全迫在眉睫的威胁

In the realm of technology, quantum computing has emerged as a formidable force, capable of revolutionizing various industries. However, for Bitcoin enthusiasts and blockchain users, it poses a chilling threat that necessitates urgent action. Professor Massimiliano Sala, a mathematician from the University of Trento, has issued a dire warning about the potential consequences of quantum computing on blockchain security.

在技​​术领域，量子计算已成为一股强大的力量，能够彻底改变各个行业。然而，对于比特币爱好者和区块链用户来说，它构成了令人不寒而栗的威胁，需要采取紧急行动。特伦托大学数学家 Massimiliano Sala 教授就量子计算对区块链安全的潜在后果发出了可怕的警告。

Sala's concerns center on the concept of "Q-day" - a hypothetical moment when advancements in quantum computing will render current encryption methods obsolete. Algorithms that safeguard digital signatures, the cornerstone of blockchain security, rely on mathematical problems that are exceedingly complex for classical computers to solve. However, quantum computers could effortlessly unravel these algorithms, unleashing a "blockchain apocalypse" that would compromise user assets.

萨拉的担忧集中在“Q-day”的概念上——这是一个假设的时刻，量子计算的进步将使当前的加密方法变得过时。保护数字签名的算法是区块链安全的基石，它依赖于经典计算机无法解决的极其复杂的数学问题。然而，量子计算机可以毫不费力地解开这些算法，引发“区块链灾难”，危及用户资产。

"Quantum computers could effortlessly solve problems foundational to digital signatures, undermining mechanisms that protect users' assets," Sala cautions in a recent lecture hosted by Ripple.

“量子计算机可以毫不费力地解决数字签名的基础问题，破坏保护用户资产的机制，”萨拉在 Ripple 最近主持的一次讲座中警告说。

The urgency of this threat is heightened by the rapid advancements in quantum computing research at academic and commercial laboratories worldwide. Major institutions such as MIT, Google, IBM, and universities across the globe are making significant breakthroughs. The proliferation of powerful quantum computers could spell disaster for the cryptographic underpinnings of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.

全球学术和商业实验室量子计算研究的快速进步加剧了这种威胁的紧迫性。麻省理工学院、谷歌、IBM 等主要机构和全球大学正在取得重大突破。强大的量子计算机的扩散可能会给比特币等加密货币的加密基础带来灾难。

Sala's warning has sparked an arms race to develop new "post-quantum" or "quantum-resistant" cryptographic algorithms that can withstand quantum hacking attempts. Promising candidates include cryptographic techniques based on complex lattice math problems or decoding linear codes. However, integrating these advanced methods into blockchain infrastructure poses a major challenge, potentially requiring a complete overhaul of the core encryption framework.

萨拉的警告引发了一场军备竞赛，旨在开发新的“后量子”或“抗量子”密码算法，以抵御量子黑客攻击。有前途的候选者包括基于复杂格数学问题或解码线性代码的加密技术。然而，将这些先进方法集成到区块链基础设施中提出了重大挑战，可能需要对核心加密框架进行彻底检修。

In response to this looming threat, experts are advocating for the adoption of quantum-safe cryptography standards. Global initiatives like the NIST standardization process are underway to establish a common framework for evaluating and implementing quantum-safe algorithms. Sala emphasizes the need to update academic curricula and train future cryptographers in these emerging techniques. He also urges blockchain teams to actively participate in standardization forums and collaborate with quantum encryption experts to prepare for the inevitable advent of the quantum era.

为了应对这种迫在眉睫的威胁，专家们提倡采用量子安全密码标准。 NIST 标准化流程等全球举措正在进行中，旨在建立评估和实施量子安全算法的通用框架。萨拉强调需要更新学术课程并培训未来的密码学家这些新兴技术。他还敦促区块链团队积极参与标准化论坛，并与量子加密专家合作，为不可避免的量子时代的到来做好准备。

While the immediate availability of ultra-powerful quantum computers is uncertain, Sala underscores that the potential risks are too grave to ignore or underestimate. "The probability of these quantum threats actually happening may not be right around the corner, but it is still significant enough that we need to take proactive measures," Sala warns.

虽然超强大量子计算机的立即可用性尚不确定，但萨拉强调，潜在风险太严重，不容忽视或低估。萨拉警告说：“这些量子威胁实际发生的可能性可能不会马上到来，但它仍然足够重要，我们需要采取积极主动的措施。”

The implications of a blockchain security breach facilitated by quantum computing are truly staggering. Trillions of dollars in finance, legal transactions, and cryptocurrency assets are secured by blockchain encryption technology. A scenario where quantum computers can breach this encryption could trigger a digital nightmare of unprecedented proportions.

量子计算引发的区块链安全漏洞的影响确实令人震惊。数万亿美元的金融、合法交易和加密货币资产由区块链加密技术保护。量子计算机突破这种加密的情况可能会引发前所未有的数字噩梦。