樂觀與任意：破解以太坊的第 2 層擴展解決方案

在快速發展的區塊鏈技術世界中，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 等第 2 層擴展解決方案已成為解決以太坊主網可擴展性限制的關鍵參與者。兩者都是樂觀匯總，在將交易提交到主網之前將其捆綁在鏈外，從而加快處理時間並降低費用。然而，它們在防詐騙機制、虛擬機器架構和交易費用方面的細微差別使它們脫穎而出，從而影響了開發人員的選擇和使用者體驗。

Delving into the Nuances of Optimism and Arbitrum: Layer-2 Scaling Solutions for Ethereum

深入探討樂觀和任意的細微差別：以太坊的第 2 層擴展解決方案

In the ever-evolving realm of blockchain technology, layer-2 scaling solutions have emerged as a promising avenue to address the scalability limitations inherent in proof-of-work networks like Ethereum. Among these solutions, Optimism and Arbitrum stand out as two of the most prominent and influential projects, offering unique approaches to enhancing transaction speed and reducing costs while maintaining the security of the Ethereum mainnet.

在不斷發展的區塊鏈技術領域，第 2 層擴展解決方案已成為解決以太坊等工作量證明網路固有的可擴展性限制的有前途的途徑。在這些解決方案中，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 是兩個最突出和最有影響力的項目，它們提供了獨特的方法來提高交易速度和降低成本，同時維護以太坊主網的安全。

Understanding Layer-2 Scaling Solutions

了解第 2 層擴充解決方案

Layer-2 scaling solutions operate on top of existing blockchains, such as Ethereum, to alleviate the burden placed on the mainnet by handling a significant portion of transaction processing off-chain. This approach allows for faster transaction confirmation times and lower transaction fees while preserving the security and immutability of the underlying blockchain.

第 2 層擴展解決方案在現有區塊鏈（例如以太坊）之上運行，透過處理鏈下交易處理的很大一部分來減輕主網的負擔。這種方法可以縮短交易確認時間並降低交易費用，同時保持底層區塊鏈的安全性和不變性。

Optimism and Arbitrum: Optimistic Rollups

樂觀與任意：樂觀總結

Both Optimism and Arbitrum fall under the category of Optimistic Rollups, a type of layer-2 solution that assumes transactions are valid by default. This assumption allows for faster transaction processing compared to other layer-2 solutions that require cryptographic verification for each transaction. However, to maintain the integrity of the system, Optimistic Rollups employ a mechanism that enables anyone to challenge the validity of a transaction, known as a fraud proof.

Optimism 和 Arbitrum 都屬於 Optimistic Rollups 類別，這是一種預設假設交易有效的第 2 層解。與需要對每筆交易進行加密驗證的其他第 2 層解決方案相比，此假設允許更快的交易處理。然而，為了維護系統的完整性，Optimistic Rollups 採用了一種允許任何人質疑交易有效性的機制，稱為詐欺證明。

Transaction Batching and Fraud Proofs

交易批量和詐欺證明

Similar to other rollup solutions, Optimism and Arbitrum leverage transaction batching to bundle multiple transactions together into a single on-chain transaction. This drastically reduces the load on the Ethereum mainnet, leading to significant improvements in transaction speed and cost-effectiveness.

與其他匯總解決方案類似，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 利用交易批次將多個交易捆綁在一起形成單一鏈上交易。這大大減少了以太坊主網上的負載，從而顯著提高了交易速度和成本效益。

In the event that a fraud proof is submitted, the validity of the disputed transaction is verified on the Ethereum mainnet, ensuring the security of the Optimistic Rollup system.

如果提交詐欺證明，爭議交易的有效性將在以太坊主網上進行驗證，確保 Optimistic Rollup 系統的安全。

Unveiling the Distinctions: Optimism vs. Arbitrum

揭開差異：樂觀與任意

While Optimism and Arbitrum share the fundamental principles of Optimistic Rollups, they exhibit subtle yet crucial differences that can impact developer choices and user experiences.

雖然 Optimism 和 Arbitrum 共享 Optimistic Rollups 的基本原則，但它們表現出微妙但至關重要的差異，可能會影響開發人員的選擇和使用者體驗。

Fraud Proof Mechanisms

防詐騙機制

• Optimism: Employs a single-round fraud proof system. If a transaction is disputed, a validator submits a fraud proof to the mainnet, and a costly computation is performed to verify its validity.
• Arbitrum: Utilizes a multi-round fraud proof system. Anyone can submit a "sequencer batch challenge" if suspected fraud arises. This initiates an interactive process where validators exchange information to prove or disprove the fraudulent activity.

Key Implications:

樂觀：採用單輪防詐騙系統。如果交易有爭議，驗證者會向主網提交詐欺證明，並執行昂貴的計算來驗證其有效性。如果出現涉嫌詐欺的情況，任何人都可以提交「定序器批量挑戰」。這將啟動一個互動過程，驗證者交換資訊以證明或反駁詐欺活動。

• Dispute Resolution Time: Optimism's single-round fraud proofs offer faster resolution times compared to Arbitrum's multi-round process. However, this comes at the potential cost of undetected fraudulent transactions for a longer period.
• Security Considerations: Arbitrum's multi-round process provides a theoretically higher level of security due to its interactive nature, but it can lead to longer dispute resolution times.

Virtual Machine Architecture

爭議解決時間：與 Arbitrum 的多輪流程相比，Optimism 的單輪詐欺證明提供更快的解決時間。然而，這是以在較長時間內未被檢測到的詐欺交易為潛在代價的。導致更長的爭議解決時間。

• Optimism: Leverages the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), ensuring compatibility with existing Ethereum smart contracts and developer tools.
• Arbitrum: Employs its own custom virtual machine, the Arbitrum Virtual Machine (AVM). While AVM offers performance advantages, developers may need to adapt smart contracts or create new ones specifically for AVM.

Key Implications:

樂觀：利用以太坊虛擬機（EVM），確保與現有以太坊智慧合約和開發人員工具的兼容性。雖然 AVM 提供了效能優勢，但開發人員可能需要調整智慧合約或專門為 AVM 建立新合約。

• Developer Adoption: Optimism's EVM compatibility simplifies the transition for developers familiar with the Ethereum ecosystem, potentially leading to faster innovation and a broader range of decentralized applications (dApps) built on its platform.
• Performance Optimization: Arbitrum's custom AVM enables potential performance optimizations not possible on the EVM, which may be advantageous for specific use cases demanding high throughput or low latency.

Transaction Fees

開發人員採用：Optimism 的EVM 相容性簡化了熟悉以太坊生態系統的開發人員的過渡，有可能帶來更快的創新和在其平台上建立更廣泛的去中心化應用程式(dApp)。 ：Arbitrum 的客製化AVM 實現了在其平台上不可能實現的潛在效能最佳化EVM，這對於需要高吞吐量或低延遲的特定用例可能是有利的。

• Optimism: Primarily utilizes ETH for transaction fees, similar to the Ethereum mainnet. It also charges additional fees for data storage on the rollup.
• Arbitrum: Employs its native token, Arbitrum Token (ARBIT), for transaction fees. While ARBIT fees can be lower than ETH fees, the platform also charges fees for data storage.

Key Implications:

樂觀：主要使用 ETH 來支付交易費用，類似以太坊主網。它還對匯總資料儲存收取額外費用。雖然 ARBIT 費用可能低於 ETH 費用，但該平台也收取資料儲存費用。

• User Experience: ETH-based fees in Optimism may be more familiar to existing Ethereum users, while ARBIT fees can potentially be lower depending on market conditions.
• Tokenomics: The use of a native token in Arbitrum creates an additional economic layer, incentivizing participation and network security through staking mechanisms.

Conclusion

使用者體驗：現有以太坊用戶可能更熟悉Optimism 中基於ETH 的費用，而根據市場情況，ARBIT 費用可能會更低。和網路透過質押機制確保安全。

Optimism and Arbitrum represent two of the most significant advancements in layer-2 scaling solutions for Ethereum. While they share the fundamental principles of Optimistic Rollups, they exhibit unique characteristics that cater to different developer preferences and application requirements. Optimism's EVM compatibility and single-round fraud proofs offer ease of use and faster dispute resolution times, while Arbitrum's custom AVM and multi-round fraud proof system prioritize performance optimizations and enhanced security. As the blockchain ecosystem continues to evolve, Optimism and Arbitrum will undoubtedly play a critical role in enabling the widespread adoption of Ethereum and its decentralized applications.

Optimism 和 Arbitrum 代表了以太坊第 2 層擴展解決方案中兩個最重要的進步。雖然它們共享 Optimistic Rollups 的基本原則，但它們表現出獨特的特性，可以滿足不同的開發人員偏好和應用程式要求。 Optimism 的 EVM 相容性和單輪詐欺證明提供了易用性和更快的爭議解決時間，而 Arbitrum 的客製化 AVM 和多輪詐欺證明系統則優先考慮效能優化和增強的安全性。隨著區塊鏈生態系統的不斷發展，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 無疑將在以太坊及其去中心化應用的廣泛採用方面發揮關鍵作用。