乐观与任意：破译以太坊的第 2 层扩展解决方案

在快速发展的区块链技术世界中，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 等第 2 层扩展解决方案已成为解决以太坊主网可扩展性限制的关键参与者。两者都是乐观汇总，在将交易提交到主网之前将其捆绑在链外，从而加快处理时间并降低费用。然而，它们在防欺诈机制、虚拟机架构和交易费用方面的细微差别使它们脱颖而出，从而影响了开发人员的选择和用户体验。

Delving into the Nuances of Optimism and Arbitrum: Layer-2 Scaling Solutions for Ethereum

深入探讨乐观和任意的细微差别：以太坊的第 2 层扩展解决方案

In the ever-evolving realm of blockchain technology, layer-2 scaling solutions have emerged as a promising avenue to address the scalability limitations inherent in proof-of-work networks like Ethereum. Among these solutions, Optimism and Arbitrum stand out as two of the most prominent and influential projects, offering unique approaches to enhancing transaction speed and reducing costs while maintaining the security of the Ethereum mainnet.

在不断发展的区块链技术领域，第 2 层扩展解决方案已成为解决以太坊等工作量证明网络固有的可扩展性限制的有前途的途径。在这些解决方案中，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 是两个最突出和最有影响力的项目，它们提供了独特的方法来提高交易速度和降低成本，同时维护以太坊主网的安全。

Understanding Layer-2 Scaling Solutions

了解第 2 层扩展解决方案

Layer-2 scaling solutions operate on top of existing blockchains, such as Ethereum, to alleviate the burden placed on the mainnet by handling a significant portion of transaction processing off-chain. This approach allows for faster transaction confirmation times and lower transaction fees while preserving the security and immutability of the underlying blockchain.

第 2 层扩展解决方案在现有区块链（例如以太坊）之上运行，通过处理链下交易处理的很大一部分来减轻主网的负担。这种方法可以缩短交易确认时间并降低交易费用，同时保持底层区块链的安全性和不变性。

Optimism and Arbitrum: Optimistic Rollups

乐观与任意：乐观汇总

Both Optimism and Arbitrum fall under the category of Optimistic Rollups, a type of layer-2 solution that assumes transactions are valid by default. This assumption allows for faster transaction processing compared to other layer-2 solutions that require cryptographic verification for each transaction. However, to maintain the integrity of the system, Optimistic Rollups employ a mechanism that enables anyone to challenge the validity of a transaction, known as a fraud proof.

Optimism 和 Arbitrum 都属于 Optimistic Rollups 类别，这是一种默认情况下假设交易有效的第 2 层解决方案。与需要对每笔交易进行加密验证的其他第 2 层解决方案相比，此假设允许更快的交易处理。然而，为了维护系统的完整性，Optimistic Rollups 采用了一种允许任何人质疑交易有效性的机制，称为欺诈证明。

Transaction Batching and Fraud Proofs

交易批量和欺诈证明

Similar to other rollup solutions, Optimism and Arbitrum leverage transaction batching to bundle multiple transactions together into a single on-chain transaction. This drastically reduces the load on the Ethereum mainnet, leading to significant improvements in transaction speed and cost-effectiveness.

与其他汇总解决方案类似，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 利用交易批处理将多个交易捆绑在一起形成单个链上交易。这大大减少了以太坊主网上的负载，从而显着提高了交易速度和成本效益。

In the event that a fraud proof is submitted, the validity of the disputed transaction is verified on the Ethereum mainnet, ensuring the security of the Optimistic Rollup system.

如果提交欺诈证明，争议交易的有效性将在以太坊主网上进行验证，确保 Optimistic Rollup 系统的安全。

Unveiling the Distinctions: Optimism vs. Arbitrum

揭开区别：乐观与任意

While Optimism and Arbitrum share the fundamental principles of Optimistic Rollups, they exhibit subtle yet crucial differences that can impact developer choices and user experiences.

虽然 Optimism 和 Arbitrum 共享 Optimistic Rollups 的基本原则，但它们表现出微妙但至关重要的差异，可能会影响开发人员的选择和用户体验。

Fraud Proof Mechanisms

防欺诈机制

• Optimism: Employs a single-round fraud proof system. If a transaction is disputed, a validator submits a fraud proof to the mainnet, and a costly computation is performed to verify its validity.
• Arbitrum: Utilizes a multi-round fraud proof system. Anyone can submit a "sequencer batch challenge" if suspected fraud arises. This initiates an interactive process where validators exchange information to prove or disprove the fraudulent activity.

Key Implications:

乐观：采用单轮防欺诈系统。如果交易存在争议，验证者会向主网提交欺诈证明，并执行昂贵的计算来验证其有效性。 仲裁：利用多轮欺诈证明系统。如果出现涉嫌欺诈的情况，任何人都可以提交“定序器批量挑战”。这将启动一个交互过程，验证者交换信息以证明或反驳欺诈活动。主要影响：

• Dispute Resolution Time: Optimism's single-round fraud proofs offer faster resolution times compared to Arbitrum's multi-round process. However, this comes at the potential cost of undetected fraudulent transactions for a longer period.
• Security Considerations: Arbitrum's multi-round process provides a theoretically higher level of security due to its interactive nature, but it can lead to longer dispute resolution times.

Virtual Machine Architecture

争议解决时间：与 Arbitrum 的多轮流程相比，Optimism 的单轮欺诈证明提供更快的解决时间。然而，这是以在较长时间内未被检测到的欺诈交易为潜在代价的。 安全注意事项：Arbitrum 的多轮流程由于其交互性，理论上提供了更高级别的安全性，但可能会导致更长的争议解决时间。 虚拟机建筑学

• Optimism: Leverages the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), ensuring compatibility with existing Ethereum smart contracts and developer tools.
• Arbitrum: Employs its own custom virtual machine, the Arbitrum Virtual Machine (AVM). While AVM offers performance advantages, developers may need to adapt smart contracts or create new ones specifically for AVM.

Key Implications:

乐观：利用以太坊虚拟机（EVM），确保与现有以太坊智能合约和开发人员工具的兼容性。Arbitrum：采用自己的定制虚拟机，Arbitrum 虚拟机（AVM）。虽然 AVM 提供了性能优势，但开发人员可能需要调整智能合约或专门为 AVM 创建新合约。主要影响：

• Developer Adoption: Optimism's EVM compatibility simplifies the transition for developers familiar with the Ethereum ecosystem, potentially leading to faster innovation and a broader range of decentralized applications (dApps) built on its platform.
• Performance Optimization: Arbitrum's custom AVM enables potential performance optimizations not possible on the EVM, which may be advantageous for specific use cases demanding high throughput or low latency.

Transaction Fees

开发人员采用：Optimism 的 EVM 兼容性简化了熟悉以太坊生态系统的开发人员的过渡，有可能带来更快的创新和在其平台上构建更广泛的去中心化应用程序 (dApp)。 性能优化：Arbitrum 的定制 AVM 实现了在其平台上不可能实现的潜在性能优化EVM，这对于需要高吞吐量或低延迟的特定用例可能是有利的。交易费用

• Optimism: Primarily utilizes ETH for transaction fees, similar to the Ethereum mainnet. It also charges additional fees for data storage on the rollup.
• Arbitrum: Employs its native token, Arbitrum Token (ARBIT), for transaction fees. While ARBIT fees can be lower than ETH fees, the platform also charges fees for data storage.

Key Implications:

乐观：主要使用 ETH 来支付交易费用，类似于以太坊主网。它还对汇总数据存储收取额外费用。 Arbitrum：使用其原生代币 Arbitrum 代币（ARBIT）来支付交易费用。虽然 ARBIT 费用可能低于 ETH 费用，但该平台还收取数据存储费用。主要影响：

• User Experience: ETH-based fees in Optimism may be more familiar to existing Ethereum users, while ARBIT fees can potentially be lower depending on market conditions.
• Tokenomics: The use of a native token in Arbitrum creates an additional economic layer, incentivizing participation and network security through staking mechanisms.

Conclusion

用户体验：现有以太坊用户可能更熟悉 Optimism 中基于 ETH 的费用，而根据市场情况，ARBIT 费用可能会更低。 代币经济学：Arbitrum 中使用原生代币创建了一个额外的经济层，激励参与和网络通过质押机制确保安全。结论

Optimism and Arbitrum represent two of the most significant advancements in layer-2 scaling solutions for Ethereum. While they share the fundamental principles of Optimistic Rollups, they exhibit unique characteristics that cater to different developer preferences and application requirements. Optimism's EVM compatibility and single-round fraud proofs offer ease of use and faster dispute resolution times, while Arbitrum's custom AVM and multi-round fraud proof system prioritize performance optimizations and enhanced security. As the blockchain ecosystem continues to evolve, Optimism and Arbitrum will undoubtedly play a critical role in enabling the widespread adoption of Ethereum and its decentralized applications.

Optimism 和 Arbitrum 代表了以太坊第 2 层扩展解决方案中两个最重要的进步。虽然它们共享 Optimistic Rollups 的基本原则，但它们表现出独特的特性，可以满足不同的开发人员偏好和应用程序要求。 Optimism 的 EVM 兼容性和单轮欺诈证明提供了易用性和更快的争议解决时间，而 Arbitrum 的定制 AVM 和多轮欺诈证明系统则优先考虑性能优化和增强的安全性。随着区块链生态系统的不断发展，Optimism 和 Arbitrum 无疑将在以太坊及其去中心化应用的广泛采用方面发挥关键作用。