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聯準會2023 年1 月拒絕Custodia 的申請,突顯了該銀行希望“從事新穎且未經測試的加密貨幣活動”,美聯儲認為這些活動存在“重大安全和穩健風險”,“極有可能與安全穩健的銀行業務實務不一致」 」。
The U.S. Federal Reserve has slapped down a crypto-friendly bank in Texas, while other banks urged the Fed not to grant Wyoming’s crypto-friendly Custodia Bank access to the Fed’s master accounts.
聯準會已經關閉了德州一家對加密貨幣友善的銀行,而其他銀行則敦促聯準會不要授予懷俄明州對加密貨幣友善的託管銀行訪問聯準會主帳戶的權限。
On Monday, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued a cease & desist order against the United Texas Bank (UTB) in Dallas. The order followed an investigation by the Texas Department of Banking that began in May 2023 and “identified significant deficiencies in the Bank’s corporate governance and oversight by the Bank’s board of directors and senior management.”
週一,美國聯邦儲備系統理事會對達拉斯的德克薩斯聯合銀行(UTB)發出了停止令。該命令是在德克薩斯州銀行部於 2023 年 5 月開始進行調查後發布的,調查「發現了銀行的公司治理以及銀行董事會和高階管理層的監督方面存在重大缺陷」。
Said deficiencies were “related to foreign correspondent banking and virtual currency customers, specifically risk management and compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations relating to anti-money laundering, including the Bank Secrecy Act.”
上述缺陷「與外國代理銀行和虛擬貨幣客戶有關,特別是風險管理以及遵守與反洗錢有關的適用法律、規則和法規,包括《銀行保密法》」。
UTB has been given 90 days to submit a plan for how it will improve its compliance game. The bank has also been given 60 days to show that it will comply with regulations issued by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which monitors compliance with U.S. economic sanctions against foreign individuals/entities.
UTB 有 90 天的時間提交一份關於如何改進其合規性遊戲的計劃。該銀行還被給予 60 天的時間來表明它將遵守財政部外國資產控制辦公室 (OFAC) 發布的規定,該辦公室負責監督美國對外國個人/實體的經濟制裁的遵守情況。
UTB’s past ‘crypto’ clients include Circle, the Boston-based issuer of the USDC stablecoin, and the Stellar Development Foundation, which operates an open-source blockchain focused on cross-border remittances. In 2021, Stellar Development was rumored to be teaming up with a private equity firm to acquire Moneygram International, one of America’s largest money transfer businesses. UTB was the settlement bank for Circle and MoneyGram.
UTB 過去的「加密」客戶包括位於波士頓的 USDC 穩定幣發行人 Circle,以及經營專注於跨境匯款的開源區塊鏈的 Stellar Development Foundation。據傳,2021 年,Stellar Development 將與一家私募股權公司聯手收購美國最大的匯款公司之一 Moneygram International。 UTB 是 Circle 和 MoneyGram 的結算銀行。
This is the second action the Fed has taken against a crypto-friendly bank in less than a month, following the enforcement action against Customers Bank and its “blockchain-based 24/7/365 digital payment solution” known as CBIT (Customers Bank Instant Token). Circle was also a Customers customer, along with exchanges such as Coinbase (NASDAQ: COIN), Gemini, and Kraken, as well as numerous other digital asset firms.
這是聯準會在不到一個月的時間內對加密貨幣友善銀行採取的第二項行動,先前對Customers Bank 及其名為CBIT(Customers Bank Instant)的「基於區塊鏈的24/7/365數位支付解決方案」採取了執法行動。令牌)。 Circle 也是 Customers 的客戶,此外還有 Coinbase(納斯達克股票代碼:COIN)、Gemini 和 Kraken 等交易所以及許多其他數位資產公司。
Long odds for Caitlin
凱特琳的勝算不大
Custodia Bank CEO Caitlin Long tweeted her reaction to the UTB order, saying, “ANOTHER CRYPTO BANK, ANOTHER ENFORCEMENT ACTION…”
Custodia 銀行執行長 Caitlin Long 在推特上發布了她對 UTB 命令的反應,她說:“另一家加密貨幣銀行,另一家執法行動…”
Custodia is one of several crypto-focused entities that have been granted special-purpose depository institution (SPDI) status in Wyoming, but no SPDI has yet been granted membership in the Federal Reserve System. Access to the Fed’s master accounts would ensure that Custodia customers’ deposits are protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
Custodia 是懷俄明州已獲得特殊目的存款機構 (SPDI) 地位的幾個專注於加密貨幣的實體之一,但尚未有 SPDI 獲得美聯儲系統成員資格。存取聯準會的主帳戶將確保 Custodia 客戶的存款受到聯邦存款保險公司 (FDIC) 的保護。
The Fed’s January 2023 rejection of Custodia’s application singled out the bank’s desire to “engage in novel and untested crypto activities,” which the Fed believes present “significant safety and soundness risks” that “are highly likely to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices.”
聯準會2023 年1 月拒絕Custodia 的申請,突顯了該銀行希望“從事新穎且未經測試的加密貨幣活動”,美聯儲認為這些活動存在“重大安全和穩健風險”,“極有可能與安全穩健的銀行業務實務不一致」 」。
Custodia sued the Fed over delays in the Fed processing the bank’s application, but Judge Scott Skavdahl of the U.S. District Court for the District of Wyoming upheld the Fed’s rejection this spring. Skavdahl rejected Custodia’s assertion that the rejection was arbitrary and capricious and ruled that Custodia was not automatically entitled to a master account based on its SPDI status.
Custodia 因聯準會延遲處理該銀行的申請而起訴美聯儲,但美國懷俄明州地方法院法官 Scott Skavdahl 今年春天維持了聯準會的駁回決定。 Skavdahl 駁回了 Custodia 的主張,即該拒絕是任意且反复無常的,並裁定 Custodia 不會根據其 SPDI 狀態自動有權獲得主帳戶。
Custodia appealed the ruling to the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals and last week saw a flurry of amici curiae filings, including one by 11 Federal Reserve Banks that says Custodia’s argument “would strip Federal Reserve Banks of a critical authority necessary to both manage their own risks and to carry out the central bank’s statutory mandate to promote the safety and stability of the U.S. financial system.”
Custodia 向第十巡迴上訴法院提出上訴,上週收到了一系列法庭之友文件,其中包括11 家聯邦儲備銀行提交的一份文件,稱Custodia 的論點「將剝奪聯邦儲備銀行管理自身風險所必需的關鍵權力”並履行央行的法定職責,促進美國金融體系的安全與穩定。”
The 11 banks call attention to Fed guidelines that require approved banks to ensure they’re not providing accounts and services to institutions that might “create undue risk to the overall economy by facilitating activities such as money laundering, terrorism financing, fraud, cybercrimes, or other illicit activity.” Oh, hello, crypto… were your ears burning?
這11 家銀行提請注意美聯儲的指導方針,該指導方針要求獲得批准的銀行確保它們不會向可能“通過促進洗錢、恐怖主義融資、欺詐、網絡犯罪或其他活動對整體經濟造成不當風險的機構”提供帳戶和服務。哦,你好,加密…你的耳朵在燃燒嗎?
The 11 banks also note Treasury’s warning that “novel business models can be especially susceptible to fraud, terrorist financing, or other criminal transactions.” The banks allow these risks to be “not specific to the crypto industry,” but the banks “have already seen how providing certain financial institutions with master accounts could facilitate money laundering and other illicit activities.”
這 11 家銀行還注意到財政部的警告,即“新穎的商業模式特別容易受到欺詐、恐怖主義融資或其他犯罪交易的影響。”銀行允許這些風險“並非加密貨幣行業特有的”,但銀行“已經看到向某些金融機構提供主帳戶可能會促進洗錢和其他非法活動。”
Similarly, opposing briefs were filed by the American Bankers Association, the Consumer Bankers Association, the Independent Community Bankers of America, the Bank Policy Institute, and The Clearing House Association. The Wyoming Bankers Association has indicated its intention to file a brief supporting Custodia but apparently hasn’t gotten Custodia’s permission yet.
同樣,美國銀行家協會、消費者銀行家協會、美國獨立社區銀行家、銀行政策研究所和清算所協會也提交了反對意見。懷俄明州銀行家協會已表示打算提交一份支持 Custodia 的簡報,但顯然尚未獲得 Custodia 的許可。
No surprises, please
請不要有任何驚喜
Custodia’s Long told DL News that the opposition briefs came as “no surprise” and confirmed Custodia’s belief that “both protectionist practices and regulatory capture exist in the banking industry.”
Custodia 的 Long 告訴 DL News,反對派的簡報“並不令人意外”,並證實了 Custodia 的信念,即“銀行業中存在保護主義做法和監管捕獲”。
Last month, Custodia laid off nine of its 36 employees in a bid to
上個月,Custodia 解雇了 36 名員工中的 9 名,以期
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