以太坊的去中心化困境：Vitalik Buterin 公佈反相關激勵提案

為了增強以太坊質押機制的去中心化和公平性，Vitalik Buterin 的提案引入了「反相關激勵」計劃。為了降低相關驗證者失敗的風險，該計劃對頻繁出現的錯誤進行懲罰，鼓勵驗證者多樣化其活動，並減少大型驗證者帶來的系統性風險。

Ethereum's Decentralization Conundrum: Vitalik Buterin's Anti-Correlation Proposal

以太坊的去中心化難題：Vitalik Buterin 的反相關提案

In the realm of blockchain technology, the quest for decentralization has been a paramount endeavor. The Ethereum network, a cornerstone of the cryptocurrency landscape, has faced scrutiny over concerns of centralization within its staking mechanism. Recognizing this challenge, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed an innovative solution: the "anti-correlation incentive" program.

在區塊鏈技術領域，追求去中心化一直是最重要的努力。以太坊網路是加密貨幣領域的基石，因其質押機制中的中心化問題而面臨審查。認識到這一挑戰，以太坊聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 提出了一個創新的解決方案：「反相關激勵」計劃。

The Decentralization Dilemma

權力下放的困境

At the heart of Ethereum's staking mechanism lies the concept of validators, entities responsible for securing the network by verifying transactions and maintaining the blockchain's integrity. While large validators offer advantages in terms of scope and efficiency, they also pose a potential threat to decentralization. Centralization occurs when a small number of entities control a significant portion of the network's stake, potentially undermining its resilience and fairness.

以太坊質押機制的核心在於驗證者的概念，驗證者是負責透過驗證交易和維護區塊鏈完整性來保護網路安全的實體。雖然大型驗證器在範圍和效率方面具有優勢，但它們也對去中心化構成了潛在威脅。當少數實體控制網路的很大一部分權益時，就會出現中心化，這可能會破壞其彈性和公平性。

Buterin's Anti-Correlation Proposal

Buterin 的反相關提案

Buterin's proposal aims to address this centralization concern by introducing an incentive mechanism that penalizes validators for frequent errors. This approach encourages validators to diversify their operations and expand their scope, thereby reducing the risk of correlated failures and enhancing the resilience of the network.

Buterin 的提議旨在透過引入一種激勵機制來懲罰驗證者的頻繁錯誤，從而解決這種中心化問題。這種方法鼓勵驗證者多樣化其操作並擴大其範圍，從而降低相關故障的風險並增強網路的彈性。

Balancing Efficiency and Decentralization

平衡效率和權力下放

While large validators provide certain advantages, Buterin recognizes the importance of striking a balance between scale and decentralization. The proposed anti-correlation incentive program seeks to mitigate the potential systemic risks associated with correlated failures while still allowing larger validators to benefit from economies of scale.

雖然大型驗證者俱有一定的優勢，但 Buterin 意識到在規模和去中心化之間取得平衡的重要性。擬議的反相關激勵計劃旨在減輕與相關失敗相關的潛在系統性風險，同時仍允許較大的驗證者從規模經濟中受益。

Echoes of Satoshi's Vision

中本聰願景的迴響

Buterin's proposal aligns with the core principles of decentralization espoused by Satoshi Nakamoto, the enigmatic creator of Bitcoin. Nakamoto envisioned a distributed and resilient network where no single entity could wield disproportionate influence. The anti-correlation incentive program embodies this vision by promoting true diversification among validators.

Buterin 的提議符合比特幣神秘創造者中本聰所倡導的去中心化核心原則。中本聰設想了一個分散且有彈性的網絡，其中任何單一實體都無法施加不成比例的影響力。反相關激勵計劃透過促進驗證者之間的真正多元化來體現這一願景。

Concerns Over Ethereum's Centralization

對以太坊中心化的擔憂

Buterin's proposal comes amidst growing concerns over the centralization of Ethereum's infrastructure. At the ETHTaipei 2024 conference, Buterin himself raised the issue of "rainbow staking," a concept that advocates diversifying staking providers to mitigate centralization risks.

Buterin 的提議是在人們對以太坊基礎設施的中心化日益擔憂的背景下提出的。在 ETHTaipei 2024 會議上，Buterin 本人提出了「彩虹質押」的問題，這個概念主張多元化質押提供者以減輕中心化風險。

Data from the Ethereum Beacon Chain Explorer corroborates these concerns, revealing that Lido Finance, a prominent staking-as-a-service provider, controls a substantial share of staked Ethereum assets. This concentration of stake in the hands of a few entities has raised concerns about the potential for manipulation and centralization.

來自以太坊信標鏈瀏覽器的數據證實了這些擔憂，顯示著名的質押即服務提供者 Lido Finance 控制著質押以太坊資產的很大一部分。股權集中在少數實體手中，引發了人們對操縱和集中化可能性的擔憂。

Centralization in Layer 2 Solutions

第 2 層解決方案的集中化

The centralization issue extends beyond the Ethereum Beacon Chain. Proof-of-stake Ethereum layer 2 solutions, such as roll-ups, have also exhibited signs of centralization. These solutions, often touted as a means to enhance scalability, have come under fire for being dominated by private entities that control the multi-signature wallets holding users' funds.

中心化問題超出了以太坊信標鏈的範圍。權益證明以太坊第 2 層解決方案（例如 Roll-ups）也表現出了中心化的跡象。這些解決方案通常被吹捧為增強可擴展性的一種手段，但因由控制持有用戶資金的多重簽名錢包的私人實體主導而受到批評。

Legal Implications of Centralization

中心化的法律意義

The centralization of Ethereum's infrastructure has legal implications as well. Attorney Preston Byrne has highlighted the susceptibility of centralized protocols to legal proceedings and subpoenas. This vulnerability could compromise the privacy and autonomy of users within the Ethereum ecosystem.

以太坊基礎設施的中心化也具有法律意義。普雷斯頓伯恩律師強調了集中協議對法律訴訟和傳票的敏感性。該漏洞可能會損害以太坊生態系統內用戶的隱私和自主權。

Conclusion

結論

Vitalik Buterin's anti-correlation incentive proposal is a significant step towards addressing the centralization concerns that have plagued Ethereum's staking mechanism. By penalizing validators for frequent errors and incentivizing diversification, the proposal aims to enhance the network's resilience and ensure its alignment with the core principles of decentralization.

Vitalik Buterin 的反相關性激勵提案是解決困擾以太坊質押機制的中心化問題的重要一步。透過懲罰頻繁出錯的驗證者並激勵多樣化，該提案旨在增強網路的彈性並確保其符合去中心化的核心原則。

While the proposal is still in its early stages, it underscores the ongoing commitment of Ethereum's developers to foster a truly decentralized and resilient blockchain network. As Ethereum continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor the effectiveness of the anti-correlation incentive program and explore further measures to safeguard the network's decentralization.

儘管該提案仍處於早期階段，但它強調了以太坊開發人員對培育真正去中心化且有彈性的區塊鏈網路的持續承諾。隨著以太坊的不斷發展，監控反相關激勵計畫的有效性並探索進一步的措施來保障網路的去中心化至關重要。