以太坊的去中心化困境：Vitalik Buterin 公布反相关激励提案

为了增强以太坊质押机制的去中心化和公平性，Vitalik Buterin 的提案引入了“反相关激励”计划。为了降低相关验证者失败的风险，该计划对频繁出现的错误进行惩罚，鼓励验证者多样化其活动，并减少大型验证者带来的系统性风险。

Ethereum's Decentralization Conundrum: Vitalik Buterin's Anti-Correlation Proposal

以太坊的去中心化难题：Vitalik Buterin 的反相关提案

In the realm of blockchain technology, the quest for decentralization has been a paramount endeavor. The Ethereum network, a cornerstone of the cryptocurrency landscape, has faced scrutiny over concerns of centralization within its staking mechanism. Recognizing this challenge, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed an innovative solution: the "anti-correlation incentive" program.

在区块链技术领域，追求去中心化一直是最重要的努力。以太坊网络是加密货币领域的基石，因其质押机制中的中心化问题而面临审查。认识到这一挑战，以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 提出了一个创新的解决方案：“反相关激励”计划。

The Decentralization Dilemma

权力下放的困境

At the heart of Ethereum's staking mechanism lies the concept of validators, entities responsible for securing the network by verifying transactions and maintaining the blockchain's integrity. While large validators offer advantages in terms of scope and efficiency, they also pose a potential threat to decentralization. Centralization occurs when a small number of entities control a significant portion of the network's stake, potentially undermining its resilience and fairness.

以太坊质押机制的核心在于验证者的概念，验证者是负责通过验证交易和维护区块链完整性来保护网络安全的实体。虽然大型验证器在范围和效率方面具有优势，但它们也对去中心化构成了潜在威胁。当少数实体控制网络的很大一部分权益时，就会出现中心化，这可能会破坏其弹性和公平性。

Buterin's Anti-Correlation Proposal

Buterin 的反相关提案

Buterin's proposal aims to address this centralization concern by introducing an incentive mechanism that penalizes validators for frequent errors. This approach encourages validators to diversify their operations and expand their scope, thereby reducing the risk of correlated failures and enhancing the resilience of the network.

Buterin 的提议旨在通过引入一种激励机制来惩罚验证者的频繁错误，从而解决这种中心化问题。这种方法鼓励验证者多样化其操作并扩大其范围，从而降低相关故障的风险并增强网络的弹性。

Balancing Efficiency and Decentralization

平衡效率和权力下放

While large validators provide certain advantages, Buterin recognizes the importance of striking a balance between scale and decentralization. The proposed anti-correlation incentive program seeks to mitigate the potential systemic risks associated with correlated failures while still allowing larger validators to benefit from economies of scale.

虽然大型验证者具有一定的优势，但 Buterin 认识到在规模和去中心化之间取得平衡的重要性。拟议的反相关激励计划旨在减轻与相关失败相关的潜在系统性风险，同时仍然允许较大的验证者从规模经济中受益。

Echoes of Satoshi's Vision

中本聪愿景的回响

Buterin's proposal aligns with the core principles of decentralization espoused by Satoshi Nakamoto, the enigmatic creator of Bitcoin. Nakamoto envisioned a distributed and resilient network where no single entity could wield disproportionate influence. The anti-correlation incentive program embodies this vision by promoting true diversification among validators.

Buterin 的提议符合比特币神秘创造者中本聪所倡导的去中心化核心原则。中本聪设想了一个分布式且有弹性的网络，其中任何单一实体都无法施加不成比例的影响力。反相关激励计划通过促进验证者之间的真正多元化来体现这一愿​​景。

Concerns Over Ethereum's Centralization

对以太坊中心化的担忧

Buterin's proposal comes amidst growing concerns over the centralization of Ethereum's infrastructure. At the ETHTaipei 2024 conference, Buterin himself raised the issue of "rainbow staking," a concept that advocates diversifying staking providers to mitigate centralization risks.

Buterin 的提议是在人们对以太坊基础设施的中心化日益担忧的背景下提出的。在 ETHTaipei 2024 会议上，Buterin 本人提出了“彩虹质押”的问题，这一概念主张多元化质押提供商以减轻中心化风险。

Data from the Ethereum Beacon Chain Explorer corroborates these concerns, revealing that Lido Finance, a prominent staking-as-a-service provider, controls a substantial share of staked Ethereum assets. This concentration of stake in the hands of a few entities has raised concerns about the potential for manipulation and centralization.

来自以太坊信标链浏览器的数据证实了这些担忧，显示著名的质押即服务提供商 Lido Finance 控制着质押以太坊资产的很大一部分。股权集中在少数实体手中，引发了人们对操纵和集中化可能性的担忧。

Centralization in Layer 2 Solutions

第 2 层解决方案的集中化

The centralization issue extends beyond the Ethereum Beacon Chain. Proof-of-stake Ethereum layer 2 solutions, such as roll-ups, have also exhibited signs of centralization. These solutions, often touted as a means to enhance scalability, have come under fire for being dominated by private entities that control the multi-signature wallets holding users' funds.

中心化问题超出了以太坊信标链的范围。权益证明以太坊第 2 层解决方案（例如 Roll-ups）也表现出了中心化的迹象。这些解决方案通常被吹捧为增强可扩展性的一种手段，但因由控制持有用户资金的多重签名钱包的私人实体主导而受到批评。

Legal Implications of Centralization

中心化的法律含义

The centralization of Ethereum's infrastructure has legal implications as well. Attorney Preston Byrne has highlighted the susceptibility of centralized protocols to legal proceedings and subpoenas. This vulnerability could compromise the privacy and autonomy of users within the Ethereum ecosystem.

以太坊基础设施的中心化也具有法律意义。普雷斯顿·伯恩律师强调了集中协议对法律诉讼和传票的敏感性。该漏洞可能会损害以太坊生态系统内用户的隐私和自主权。

Conclusion

结论

Vitalik Buterin's anti-correlation incentive proposal is a significant step towards addressing the centralization concerns that have plagued Ethereum's staking mechanism. By penalizing validators for frequent errors and incentivizing diversification, the proposal aims to enhance the network's resilience and ensure its alignment with the core principles of decentralization.

Vitalik Buterin 的反相关性激励提案是解决困扰以太坊质押机制的中心化问题的重要一步。通过惩罚频繁出错的验证者并激励多样化，该提案旨在增强网络的弹性并确保其符合去中心化的核心原则。

While the proposal is still in its early stages, it underscores the ongoing commitment of Ethereum's developers to foster a truly decentralized and resilient blockchain network. As Ethereum continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor the effectiveness of the anti-correlation incentive program and explore further measures to safeguard the network's decentralization.

尽管该提案仍处于早期阶段，但它强调了以太坊开发人员对培育真正去中心化且有弹性的区块链网络的持续承诺。随着以太坊的不断发展，监控反相关激励计划的有效性并探索进一步的措施来保障网络的去中心化至关重要。