Adam Back 博士：比特幣已經“經歷了足夠大的變化”，中本聰是誰並不重要

在這次採訪中，Back 討論了他在比特幣方面的早期工作、比特幣目前作為價值儲存手段的重要用例，以及他如何將其與使比特幣成為廣泛支付系統的目標相協調，以及比特幣或Blockstream 面臨的最大風險。

Dr. Adam Back, cofounder and CEO of Blockstream, is a British cryptographer and computer scientist. He is best known for his 1997 invention of Hashcash, the proof-of-work system foundational to bitcoin mining. As CEO of Blockstream, Dr. Back plays a central role in developing infrastructure and scaling solutions shaping the future of finance on Bitcoin.

Adam Back 博士是 Blockstream 的共同創辦人兼首席執行官，是一位英國密碼學家和電腦科學家。他最出名的是 1997 年發明的 Hashcash，這是比特幣挖礦的基礎工作量證明系統。作為 Blockstream 的首席執行官，Back 博士在開發基礎設施和擴展解決方案以塑造比特幣金融的未來方面發揮核心作用。

Key Blockstream innovations include the Liquid Network, Bitcoin’s first and leading sidechain, designed to enable faster, more confidential transactions, as well as the seamless issuance of digital assets, including stablecoins and tokenized real-world assets (RWAs).

Blockstream 的關鍵創新包括Liquid Network，這是比特幣的第一個且領先的側鏈，旨在實現更快、更保密的交易，以及數位資產的無縫發行，包括穩定幣和代幣化的現實世界資產(RWA)。

Back is widely known in the crypto community for having had communications with Satoshi Nakamoto before the pseudonymous bitcoin creator wrote his seminal white paper in 2008. In this discussion, we briefly cover some of his early work on Bitcoin. However, the majority of it relates to his work at Blockstream, which just completed a $210 million convertible note offering to create more functionality on top of Bitcoin.

Back 在加密社群中廣為人知，因為在2008 年匿名比特幣創作者中本聰(Satoshi Nakamoto) 撰寫其開創性白皮書之前，他曾與中本聰進行過交流。他在比特幣方面的一些早期工作。然而，其中大部分與他在 Blockstream 的工作有關，該公司剛剛完成了 2.1 億美元的可轉換票據發行，以在比特幣之上創建更多功能。

Forbes: How did you first start working with Satoshi?

富比士：您是如何開始與中本聰合作的？

Adam Back: I was the first person to receive an email from Satoshi before it [Bitcoin] was launched. It wasn’t a very detailed conversation. I believe he had already developed the software, and the next thing he’d done was write the white paper describing how it worked. He was citing related work and asked for the correct way to cite Hashcash. The next thing I heard was him telling me he had published the white paper and wanted to know if I would download the source code for Bitcoin. That was around January 2009.

Adam Back：在比特幣推出之前，我是第一個收到中本聰電子郵件的人。這不是一次非常詳細的對話。我相信他已經開發了該軟體，接下來他要做的就是編寫白皮書來描述它的工作原理。他正在引用相關工作，並詢問引用 Hashcash 的正確方法。接下來我聽到的是他告訴我他已經發布了白皮書並想知道我是否會下載比特幣的源代碼。那是在 2009 年 1 月左右。

Forbes: Do you think at this point it matters if we find out who Satoshi is?

富比士：您認為目前我們找出中本聰是誰重要嗎？

Back: I think it is mattering less and less because we’ve got a lot of years of history now of experiencing Bitcoin as a decentralized thing. I think it gets viewed more like a discovery because it’s decentralized and there’s no CEO or founder, unlike some of the other projects. Humanity discovered physical gold as a good type of money. Now we’ve discovered a better one: electronic digital gold. We’ve gone through enough dramatic changes, like the Blocksize Wars, where the market ultimately prevailed, that it would not matter much if Satoshi returns. That is quite a positive outcome if you think about it because the market is a proxy for the user’s wishes regarding electronic cash.

Back：我認為這越來越不重要了，因為我們已經有很多年的歷史來體驗比特幣作為一種去中心化的東西了。我認為它更像是一個發現，因為它是去中心化的，並且與其他一些項目不同，沒有執行長或創始人。人類發現實體黃金是一種很好的貨幣。現在我們發現了一種更好的：電子數位黃金。我們已經經歷了足夠多的戲劇性變化，例如區塊大小戰爭，市場最終佔了上風，所以如果中本聰回歸也沒什麼大不了的。如果您考慮一下，這是一個非常積極的結果，因為市場代表了用戶對電子現金的意願。

Forbes: Let’s turn to Blockstream. The big use case for bitcoin right now is as a store of value. How do you reconcile that with your goal of making bitcoin a widespread payment system?

福布斯：讓我們轉向 Blockstream。目前比特幣的最大用途是作為價值儲存手段。您如何將其與使比特幣成為廣泛支付系統的目標相協調？

Back: We have a bit of a foot in two camps because we have one of the major implementations of Lightning, which is all about scalability and retail payments. Then we’ve got Liquid, which is more about trustless trades, smart contracts, assets, stablecoins and securities.

返回：我們在兩個陣營中佔有一席之地，因為我們擁有閃電網路的主要實現之一，這一切都與可擴展性和零售支付有關。然後我們有了 Liquid，它更多地涉及無需信任的交易、智能合約、資產、穩定幣和證券。

While I have a computer science background, back in the mid-nineties, I was a fairly avid day trader and investor with my savings. I was interested to see what Bitcoin technology, like the blockchain, could do to improve the trading infrastructure.

雖然我有電腦科學背景，但早在九十年代中期，我就用自己的積蓄成為了相當熱衷的日內交易者和投資者。我很想知道比特幣技術（如區塊鏈）可以如何改善交易基礎設施。

That dates back to events such as the Mt. Gox failure because you’re finding that you should have a piece of technology that allows you to do atomic swaps without giving up custody. In practice, everybody was giving custody to an exchange, meaning you need to trust somebody else. It was the same story with FTX.

這可以追溯到 Mt. Gox 失敗等事件，因為你發現你應該擁有一項技術，允許你在不放棄監管的情況下進行原子交換。在實踐中，每個人都將託管權交給交易所，這意味著你需要信任其他人。 FTX 的情況也是如此。

Liquid is doing multiple things. It’s also been used for stablecoins and retail payments. There’s a new phenomenon: a crossover Lightning wallet. There are three or four of them now. They look like a Lightning wallet, but actually, they are a Liquid wallet, and when you want to make a payment, they use a trustless swap to exchange Liquid bitcoin for Lightning or vice versa. So all your storage is done on Liquid.

Liquid 正在做多種事情。它也被用於穩定幣和零售支付。有一種新現象：交叉閃電錢包。現在有三、四個人了。它們看起來像閃電錢包，但實際上，它們是液體錢包，當你想要付款時，它們使用去信任交換將液體比特幣兌換成閃電網絡，反之亦然。所以你所有的儲存都是在 Liquid 上完成的。

We built a block explorer for Liquid, and there is now an ecosystem of companies around Liquid, kind of like what exists around Lightning. One startup called SideSwap offers a trustless central order book, but you can place limit orders along the way. We also made our own hardware wallet to innovate a bit faster. You approve the trade right on your hardware wallet. That’s pretty innovative and exciting because you haven’t given up custody.

我們為 Liquid 建立了一個區塊瀏覽器，現在圍繞著 Liquid 形成了一個由公司組成的生態系統，有點像是圍繞閃電網路的生態系統。一家名為 SideSwap 的新創公司提供了一個無需信任的中央訂單簿，但您可以在此過程中下限價訂單。我們也製作了自己的硬體錢包，以加快創新速度。您可以在硬體錢包上批准交易。這是非常創新和令人興奮的，因為你沒有放棄監護權。

Regarding the store of value question, people have been thinking about inflation since Covid, and generally speaking, our currencies don’t feel too stable from a short-term perspective. But I think what you’ve seen is growth in emerging markets. Remember that about 50% of the world’s working population is the informal economy. They get paid in cash, there’s no paperwork, and they don’t have any government ID. Those people don’t have direct access to the global economy. That’s pretty interesting and supports the transactional use case because as much as

關於價值儲存問題，自新冠疫情以來，人們一直在思考通膨問題，一般來說，從短期角度來看，我們的貨幣感覺不太穩定。但我認為你看到的是新興市場的成長。請記住，世界上大約 50% 的勞動人口從事非正規經濟。他們的薪水是現金，沒有任何文書工作，也沒有任何政府身分證件。這些人無法直接參與全球經濟。這非常有趣並且支援事務用例，因為