2024 年實施重大協議升級或發布主網的 10 個加密貨幣項目

2024 年對於加密貨幣和區塊鏈網路來說是重要的一年。比特幣交易所交易基金（ETF）的推出

2024 was a significant year for cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks. It saw the launch of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for Bitcoin ( BTC ) and Ether ( ETH ) in the United States, major protocol upgrades for altcoins, and the release of new infrastructure networks.

2024 年對於加密貨幣和區塊鏈網路來說是重要的一年。它見證了美國比特幣（BTC）和以太幣（ETH）的交易所交易基金（ETF）的推出、山寨幣的主要協議升級以及新基礎設施網路的發布。

Here are 10 crypto projects that implemented major protocol upgrades or shipped a mainnet in 2024, in no particular ranking.

以下是 2024 年實現主要協議升級或發布主網的 10 個加密貨幣項目，排名不分先後。

Avalanche9000/Etna protocol upgrade

Avalanche9000/Etna 協定升級

The Avalanche network’s Avalanche9000 upgrade, also known as Etna — touted as the biggest upgrade in the protocol’s history — launched on the Avalanche mainnet on Dec. 16 following a testing phase on the Fuji testnet.

Avalanche 網路的 Avalanche9000 升級版（也稱為 Etna）被譽為該協議歷史上最大的升級版，在 Fuji 測試網路上進行測試階段後，於 12 月 16 日在 Avalanche 主網上啟動。

The update simplified the process of launching subnets — now called “layer 1s” — and changed the staking requirements for subnet validators from a fixed 2,000 AVAX ( AVAX ) to a fee structure based on the number of nodes a validator is running.

此次更新簡化了啟動子網路（現在稱為「第1 層」）的過程，並將子網路驗證器的質押要求從固定的2,000 AVAX (AVAX) 更改為基於驗證器運行的節點數量的費用結構。

According to the Avalanche Foundation, the upgrade reduced the cost of subnet deployment by 99.9% and lowered C-Chain network fees by 96%.

據 Avalanche 基金會稱，此次升級使子網路部署成本降低了 99.9%，C-Chain 網路費用降低了 96%。

The update also shifted the responsibility of managing validators from the Avalanche P-Chain to the layer 1s, giving them greater autonomy and control over their networks.

此次更新還將管理驗證者的責任從 Avalanche P 鏈轉移到了第 1 層，賦予他們對其網路更大的自主權和控制權。

Sui implements the Mysticeti consensus engine

Sui實現了Mysticeti共識引擎

The Sui protocol, a high-throughput blockchain, implemented the Mysticeti consensus engine in August.

Sui 協議是一種高吞吐量區塊鏈，於 8 月實施了 Mysticeti 共識引擎。

According to spokespeople for Mysten Labs — the developer behind Sui — the update slashed consensus latency to 390 milliseconds and minimized cross-validator communication to enhance efficiency.

據 Sui 背後的開發者 Mysten Labs 的發言人稱，此次更新將共識延遲縮短至 390 毫秒，並最大限度地減少了交叉驗證器通訊以提高效率。

Sui’s ability to process a high number of transactions per second (TPS) and its monolithic architecture helped it and other monolithic chains to gain ground on incumbent smart contract platform Ethereum in 2024.

Sui 每秒處理大量交易 (TPS) 的能力及其整體架構幫助其和其他整體鏈在 2024 年在現有智慧合約平台以太坊上取得了進展。

Sonic Foundation launches Sonic mainnet

Sonic 基金會推出 Sonic 主網

In May 2024, the Fantom Foundation — the organization behind the Fantom network — announced that the Sonic Foundation would oversee the deployment of its Sonic Chain.

2024 年 5 月，Fantom 基金會（Fantom 網路背後的組織）宣布 Sonic 基金會將監督其 Sonic Chain 的部署。

Sonic Chain is an Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible layer-1 blockchain that features sub-second finality times, a throughput of 10,000 TPS, and the introduction of the Sonic Gateway, a bridge between Sonic and Ethereum.

Sonic Chain 是與以太坊虛擬機器相容的第 1 層區塊鏈，具有亞秒級最終確定時間、10,000 TPS 的吞吐量，並引入了 Sonic 網關（Sonic 和以太坊之間的橋樑）。

On Dec. 18, the Sonic mainnet went live. Fantom ( FTM ) tokenholders can switch to the new network via a one-to-one upgrade from FTM to the S token, which is the native asset of the Sonic network.

12月18日，Sonic主網上線。 Fantom (FTM) 代幣持有者可以透過從 FTM 到 S 代幣的一對一升級來切換到新網絡，S 代幣是 Sonic 網路的原生資產。

Hyperliquid launches token, enables staking

Hyperliquid 推出代幣，支持質押

Hyperliquid, a layer-1 blockchain optimized for decentralized finance, initiated one of the largest token airdrops in crypto history on Nov. 29.

Hyperliquid 是一個針對去中心化金融進行最佳化的第一層區塊鏈，於 11 月 29 日發起了加密貨幣史上最大的代幣空投之一。

The project distributed 310 million HYPE tokens to community members, valued at $1.2 billion at launch. HYPE launched at an initial price of $3.90 and is currently trading around $26.8.

該計畫向社群成員分發了 3.1 億個 HYPE 代幣，啟動時價值 12 億美元。 HYPE 的初始價格為 3.90 美元，目前交易價格約為 26.8 美元。

On Dec. 30, the Hyper Foundation announced the launch of native staking on the Hyperliquid protocol, allowing users to secure the network by locking up their tokens in exchange for yield.

12 月 30 日，Hyper 基金會宣佈在 Hyperliquid 協議上啟動原生質押，允許用戶透過鎖定代幣換取收益來保護網路安全。

Ethereum Dencun upgrade goes live

以太坊Dencun升級上線

Ethereum’s Dencun upgrade went live on March 13, reducing fees on Ethereum layer-2 networks by up to 99%.

以太坊的 Dencun 升級於 3 月 13 日上線，以太坊二層網路的費用降低了高達 99%。

However, the dramatic reduction in L2 network fees also caused a collapse in Ethereum layer-1 fees in August and September due to users migrating to the lower-cost layer 2s.

然而，由於用戶遷移到成本較低的第 2 層，L2 網路費用的大幅下降也導致以太坊第 1 層費用在 8 月和 9 月暴跌。

According to data from Token Terminal, network fees on the Ethereum layer-1 rebounded in November to levels recorded at the start of 2024 before Dencun was implemented.

根據 Token Terminal 的數據，以太坊 Layer-1 的網路費用在 11 月反彈至 2024 年初 Dencun 實施前的水平。

The upgrade drew mixed reactions from the Ethereum community, with some praising the affordability of transacting via the layer-2s and others criticizing the cannibalization of Ethereum layer-1 revenue by the network’s many L2 solutions.

這次升級引起了以太坊社群的不同反應，有些人稱讚透過 Layer-2 進行交易的負擔能力，有些人則批評該網路的許多 L2 解決方案蠶食了以太坊 Layer-1 的收入。

Cardano’s Chang hard fork introduces onchain governance

Cardano 的 Chang 硬分叉引入了鏈上治理

Cardano’s Chang hard fork was implemented on Sept. 1 bringing onchain, decentralized governance to the network.

Cardano 的 Chang 硬分叉於 9 月 1 日實施，為網路帶來了鏈上、去中心化的治理。

The update enabled all holders of Cardano’s native currency, ADA ( ADA ), to participate in the voting process and determine the future direction of the layer-1 chain.

此次更新使卡爾達諾原生貨幣 ADA（ADA）的所有持有者能夠參與投票過程並決定第一層鏈的未來方向。

Near Protocol implements stateless validation through Nightshade 2.0

Near Protocol 透過 Nightshade 2.0 實現無狀態驗證

Near Protocol, a layer-1 blockchain focused on decentralizing artificial intelligence, changed the architecture of its network in August by implementing the Nightshade 2.0 update.

Near Protocol 是一個專注於去中心化人工智慧的第一層區塊鏈，它於 8 月透過實施 Nightshade 2.0 更新改變了其網路架構。

The protocol upgrade introduced stateless validation to Near, which allows validator nodes to verify transactions without storing a copy of the blockchain on their devices.

協議升級為 Near 引入了無狀態驗證，這允許驗證器節點驗證交易，而無需在其設備上儲存區塊鏈的副本。

This approach lowered the hardware requirements to run a validator node and reduced the barrier to entry for new participants.

這種方法降低了運行驗證器節點的硬體需求，並減少了新參與者的進入門檻。

Following the rollout of Nightshade 2.0, the native asset of the protocol, NEAR ( NEAR ), surged 5

隨著 Nightshade 2.0 的推出，該協議的原生資產 NEAR（NEAR）飆升了 5