2024 年实施重大协议升级或发布主网的 10 个加密货币项目

2024 年对于加密货币和区块链网络来说是重要的一年。比特币交易所交易基金（ETF）的推出

2024 was a significant year for cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks. It saw the launch of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for Bitcoin ( BTC ) and Ether ( ETH ) in the United States, major protocol upgrades for altcoins, and the release of new infrastructure networks.

2024 年对于加密货币和区块链网络来说是重要的一年。它见证了美国比特币（BTC）和以太币（ETH）的交易所交易基金（ETF）的推出、山寨币的主要协议升级以及新基础设施网络的发布。

Here are 10 crypto projects that implemented major protocol upgrades or shipped a mainnet in 2024, in no particular ranking.

以下是 2024 年实现主要协议升级或发布主网的 10 个加密货币项目，排名不分先后。

Avalanche9000/Etna protocol upgrade

Avalanche9000/Etna 协议升级

The Avalanche network’s Avalanche9000 upgrade, also known as Etna — touted as the biggest upgrade in the protocol’s history — launched on the Avalanche mainnet on Dec. 16 following a testing phase on the Fuji testnet.

Avalanche 网络的 Avalanche9000 升级版（也称为 Etna）被誉为该协议历史上最大的升级版，在 Fuji 测试网上进行测试阶段后，于 12 月 16 日在 Avalanche 主网上启动。

The update simplified the process of launching subnets — now called “layer 1s” — and changed the staking requirements for subnet validators from a fixed 2,000 AVAX ( AVAX ) to a fee structure based on the number of nodes a validator is running.

此次更新简化了启动子网（现在称为“第 1 层”）的过程，并将子网验证器的质押要求从固定的 2,000 AVAX (AVAX) 更改为基于验证器运行的节点数量的费用结构。

According to the Avalanche Foundation, the upgrade reduced the cost of subnet deployment by 99.9% and lowered C-Chain network fees by 96%.

据 Avalanche 基金会称，此次升级使子网部署成本降低了 99.9%，C-Chain 网络费用降低了 96%。

The update also shifted the responsibility of managing validators from the Avalanche P-Chain to the layer 1s, giving them greater autonomy and control over their networks.

此次更新还将管理验证者的责任从 Avalanche P 链转移到了第 1 层，赋予他们对其网络更大的自主权和控制权。

Sui implements the Mysticeti consensus engine

Sui实现了Mysticeti共识引擎

The Sui protocol, a high-throughput blockchain, implemented the Mysticeti consensus engine in August.

Sui 协议是一种高吞吐量区块链，于 8 月份实施了 Mysticeti 共识引擎。

According to spokespeople for Mysten Labs — the developer behind Sui — the update slashed consensus latency to 390 milliseconds and minimized cross-validator communication to enhance efficiency.

据 Sui 背后的开发者 Mysten Labs 的发言人称，此次更新将共识延迟缩短至 390 毫秒，并最大限度地减少了交叉验证器通信以提高效率。

Sui’s ability to process a high number of transactions per second (TPS) and its monolithic architecture helped it and other monolithic chains to gain ground on incumbent smart contract platform Ethereum in 2024.

Sui 每秒处理大量交易 (TPS) 的能力及其整体架构帮助其和其他整体链在 2024 年在现有智能合约平台以太坊上取得了进展。

Sonic Foundation launches Sonic mainnet

Sonic 基金会推出 Sonic 主网

In May 2024, the Fantom Foundation — the organization behind the Fantom network — announced that the Sonic Foundation would oversee the deployment of its Sonic Chain.

2024 年 5 月，Fantom 基金会（Fantom 网络背后的组织）宣布 Sonic 基金会将监督其 Sonic Chain 的部署。

Sonic Chain is an Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible layer-1 blockchain that features sub-second finality times, a throughput of 10,000 TPS, and the introduction of the Sonic Gateway, a bridge between Sonic and Ethereum.

Sonic Chain 是与以太坊虚拟机兼容的第 1 层区块链，具有亚秒级最终确定时间、10,000 TPS 的吞吐量，并引入了 Sonic 网关（Sonic 和以太坊之间的桥梁）。

On Dec. 18, the Sonic mainnet went live. Fantom ( FTM ) tokenholders can switch to the new network via a one-to-one upgrade from FTM to the S token, which is the native asset of the Sonic network.

12月18日，Sonic主网上线。 Fantom (FTM) 代币持有者可以通过从 FTM 到 S 代币的一对一升级来切换到新网络，S 代币是 Sonic 网络的原生资产。

Hyperliquid launches token, enables staking

Hyperliquid 推出代币，支持质押

Hyperliquid, a layer-1 blockchain optimized for decentralized finance, initiated one of the largest token airdrops in crypto history on Nov. 29.

Hyperliquid 是一个针对去中心化金融进行优化的第一层区块链，于 11 月 29 日发起了加密货币历史上最大的代币空投之一。

The project distributed 310 million HYPE tokens to community members, valued at $1.2 billion at launch. HYPE launched at an initial price of $3.90 and is currently trading around $26.8.

该项目向社区成员分发了 3.1 亿个 HYPE 代币，启动时价值 12 亿美元。 HYPE 的初始价格为 3.90 美元，目前交易价格约为 26.8 美元。

On Dec. 30, the Hyper Foundation announced the launch of native staking on the Hyperliquid protocol, allowing users to secure the network by locking up their tokens in exchange for yield.

12 月 30 日，Hyper 基金会宣布在 Hyperliquid 协议上启动原生质押，允许用户通过锁定代币换取收益来保护网络安全。

Ethereum Dencun upgrade goes live

以太坊Dencun升级上线

Ethereum’s Dencun upgrade went live on March 13, reducing fees on Ethereum layer-2 networks by up to 99%.

以太坊的 Dencun 升级于 3 月 13 日上线，以太坊二层网络的费用降低了高达 99%。

However, the dramatic reduction in L2 network fees also caused a collapse in Ethereum layer-1 fees in August and September due to users migrating to the lower-cost layer 2s.

然而，由于用户迁移到成本较低的第 2 层，L2 网络费用的大幅下降也导致以太坊第 1 层费用在 8 月和 9 月暴跌。

According to data from Token Terminal, network fees on the Ethereum layer-1 rebounded in November to levels recorded at the start of 2024 before Dencun was implemented.

根据 Token Terminal 的数据，以太坊 Layer-1 的网络费用在 11 月份反弹至 2024 年初 Dencun 实施之前的水平。

The upgrade drew mixed reactions from the Ethereum community, with some praising the affordability of transacting via the layer-2s and others criticizing the cannibalization of Ethereum layer-1 revenue by the network’s many L2 solutions.

此次升级引起了以太坊社区的不同反应，一些人称赞通过 Layer-2 进行交易的负担能力，另一些人则批评该网络的许多 L2 解决方案蚕食了以太坊 Layer-1 的收入。

Cardano’s Chang hard fork introduces onchain governance

Cardano 的 Chang 硬分叉引入了链上治理

Cardano’s Chang hard fork was implemented on Sept. 1 bringing onchain, decentralized governance to the network.

Cardano 的 Chang 硬分叉于 9 月 1 日实施，为网络带来了链上、去中心化的治理。

The update enabled all holders of Cardano’s native currency, ADA ( ADA ), to participate in the voting process and determine the future direction of the layer-1 chain.

此次更新使卡尔达诺原生货币 ADA（ADA）的所有持有者能够参与投票过程并决定第一层链的未来方向。

Near Protocol implements stateless validation through Nightshade 2.0

Near Protocol 通过 Nightshade 2.0 实现无状态验证

Near Protocol, a layer-1 blockchain focused on decentralizing artificial intelligence, changed the architecture of its network in August by implementing the Nightshade 2.0 update.

Near Protocol 是一个专注于去中心化人工智能的第一层区块链，它于 8 月份通过实施 Nightshade 2.0 更新改变了其网络架构。

The protocol upgrade introduced stateless validation to Near, which allows validator nodes to verify transactions without storing a copy of the blockchain on their devices.

协议升级为 Near 引入了无状态验证，这允许验证器节点验证交易，而无需在其设备上存储区块链的副本。

This approach lowered the hardware requirements to run a validator node and reduced the barrier to entry for new participants.

这种方法降低了运行验证器节点的硬件要求，并减少了新参与者的进入门槛。

Following the rollout of Nightshade 2.0, the native asset of the protocol, NEAR ( NEAR ), surged 5

随着 Nightshade 2.0 的推出，该协议的原生资产 NEAR（NEAR）飙升了 5