加密貨幣混合器之戰愈演愈烈：Coinbase 的 Grewal 在龍捲風現金制裁中捍衛隱私

在關於加密貨幣混合器的爭議中，Coinbase 的法律主管 Paul Grewal 成為了 Tornado Cash（一種注重隱私的混合器）的倡導者。 Grewal 對美國財政部對 Tornado Cash 的製裁提出質疑，理由是擔心財政部索賠的合法性以及可能侵犯美國人的隱私權。

Legal Battle Erupts over Crypto Mixer Tornado Cash, Coinbase Legal Head Defends Privacy Rights

加密貨幣混合器 Tornado Cash 爆發法律戰，Coinbase 法律負責人捍衛隱私權

In a contentious legal battle that has ignited debate over privacy and regulatory authority, cryptocurrency mixer Tornado Cash has found an unexpected ally in Paul Grewal, the chief legal officer of prominent cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase. Tornado Cash, accused of facilitating money laundering and other illicit activities, faces sanctions imposed by the United States Treasury Department, but Grewal has taken a firm stance against the government's actions.

在一場引發有關隱私和監管機構爭論的法律糾紛中，加密貨幣混合商 Tornado Cash 意外地找到了盟友：著名加密貨幣交易所 Coinbase 的首席法務官 Paul Grewal。 Tornado Cash 被指控為洗錢和其他非法活動提供便利，面臨美國財政部的製裁，但 Grewal 對政府的行為採取了堅定的立場。

Controversy Surrounding Cryptocurrency Mixers

圍繞加密貨幣混合器的爭議

Cryptocurrency mixers, like Tornado Cash, operate by obfuscating the trail of transactions on decentralized blockchain networks. While this anonymity enhances privacy, it also raises concerns among regulators who view these services as potential conduits for financial crimes.

Tornado Cash 等加密貨幣混合器透過混淆去中心化區塊鏈網路上的交易軌跡來運作。雖然這種匿名性增強了隱私，但也引起了監管機構的擔憂，他們認為這些服務是金融犯罪的潛在管道。

Treasury Department Sanctions Tornado Cash

財政部製裁龍捲風現金

In August 2022, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated Tornado Cash as a "Specially Designated National and Blocked Person," prohibiting U.S. citizens and entities from engaging in transactions with the platform. The Treasury alleged that Tornado Cash had been used to launder over $7 billion worth of cryptocurrency, including funds stolen from cryptocurrency exchanges and ransomware attacks.

2022 年 8 月，美國財政部外國資產管制辦公室 (OFAC) 將 Tornado Cash 指定為“特別指定國民和封鎖人員”，禁止美國公民和實體與該平台進行交易。美國財政部聲稱，Tornado Cash 已被用來清洗價值超過 70 億美元的加密貨幣，其中包括從加密貨幣交易所竊取的資金和勒索軟體攻擊。

Tornado Cash Fights Back

龍捲風現金反擊

Tornado Cash immediately filed a lawsuit challenging the Treasury's sanctions, arguing that the government had overstepped its authority and violated the privacy rights of its users. The plaintiffs, represented by the Coin Center legal advocacy group, maintained that Tornado Cash's code was open-source and accessible to all, making it impossible to prove that all users intended to engage in illegal activities.

Tornado Cash立即提起訴訟，質疑財政部的製裁，認為政府越權並侵犯了用戶的隱私權。以 Coin Center 法律倡導團體為代表的原告堅稱，Tornado Cash 的代碼是開源的，所有人都可以訪問，因此無法證明所有用戶都意圖從事非法活動。

Coinbase Legal Head Paul Grewal Voices Support

Coinbase 法律負責人 Paul Grewal 表示支持

Coinbase's legal chief, Paul Grewal, has emerged as a vocal supporter of Tornado Cash's legal battle. Grewal, a former federal prosecutor, has expressed concerns about the Treasury's approach and the potential implications for the privacy of Americans using open-source software.

Coinbase 的法律負責人 Paul Grewal 已成為 Tornado Cash 法律鬥爭的直言不諱的支持者。前聯邦檢察官格雷沃爾對財政部的做法以及對使用開源軟體的美國人隱私的潛在影響表示擔憂。

Grewal's Arguments

格雷瓦爾的論點

In a series of tweets and public statements, Grewal outlined his objections to the Treasury's sanctions. First, he questioned the government's assertion that all Tornado Cash users shared a common purpose of facilitating illicit activities. Second, he argued that the Treasury's authority to regulate open-source software like Tornado Cash's code was limited under current law.

在一系列推文和公開聲明中，格雷沃爾概述了他對財政部製裁的反對意見。首先，他質疑政府關於所有龍捲風現金用戶都有促進非法活動的共同目的的說法。其次，他認為，根據現行法律，財政部監管 Tornado Cash 代碼等開源軟體的權力是有限的。

Open-Source Concerns

開源問題

Grewal emphasized that open-source code, which is freely available and modifiable, does not constitute "property" under the law. Therefore, he argued, the Treasury lacked the legal authority to control citizens' use of such software without congressional action.

Grewal 強調，可免費取得和修改的開源程式碼並不構成法律規定的「財產」。因此，他認為，在沒有國會採取行動的情況下，財政部缺乏控制公民使用此類軟體的法律權力。

Treasury's Lobbying Efforts

財政部的遊說努力

Grewal pointed to the Treasury's recent lobbying efforts to address the "regulatory gap" surrounding open-source software as evidence that the government recognized its own limitations. He argued that the Treasury should pursue legislative solutions rather than overstepping its authority.

格雷瓦爾指出，財政部最近為解決圍繞開源軟體的「監管差距」而進行的遊說努力，證明政府認識到自己的局限性。他認為財政部應該尋求立法解決方案，而不是越權。

Ongoing Legal Battle

持續的法律鬥爭

The legal battle between Tornado Cash and the Treasury Department is ongoing. The plaintiffs have filed a strong response to the Treasury's arguments in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the outcome of the case is expected to have significant implications for the regulation of cryptocurrency and the privacy of blockchain users.

龍捲風現金和財政部之間的法律鬥爭正在進行中。原告已在第五巡迴上訴法院對財政部的論點提出強烈回應，預計該案的結果將對加密貨幣的監管和區塊鏈用戶的隱私產生重大影響。

Co-Founder Denies Charges

聯合創始人否認指控

Meanwhile, Tornado Cash co-founder Roman Storm continues to deny all charges. Released on bail last year, he maintains his innocence against allegations of laundering more than $1 billion and violating sanctions.

與此同時，Tornado Cash 聯合創始人 Roman Storm 繼續否認所有指控。去年獲得保釋後，他對洗錢超過 10 億美元和違反制裁的指控堅稱自己無罪。

Conclusion

結論

The legal battle over Tornado Cash has ignited a broader debate about the balance between privacy and regulation in the cryptocurrency space. The outcome of the case will shape the future of cryptocurrency mixers and set precedents for the extent of government authority over open-source software. The involvement of Coinbase and its legal head, Paul Grewal, adds weight to the legal challenges facing the Treasury Department and highlights the growing concerns within the cryptocurrency industry over government overreach.

關於 Tornado Cash 的法律糾紛引發了關於加密貨幣領域隱私與監管之間平衡的更廣泛辯論。該案的結果將塑造加密貨幣混合器的未來，並為政府對開源軟體的權威程度樹立先例。 Coinbase 及其法律負責人 Paul Grewal 的參與加劇了財政部面臨的法律挑戰，並凸顯了加密貨幣產業內對政府越權行為日益增長的擔憂。