了解 Validium 及其在 2024 年使以太坊更具可扩展性方面的作用

在动态且快节奏的加密货币世界中，了解 Validium 在以太坊可扩展性中的作用至关重要。作为使用最广泛的区块链平台之一，以太坊采用了 Validium，这是一种增强其可扩展性的第 2 层扩展解决方案。 Validium 在链下处理交易并存储数据，显着提高了主网吞吐量。这种预防机制在遏制区块链交易期间的盗窃和欺诈方面发挥着至关重要的作用，确保用户授权从一个账户到另一个账户的每一次转账。通过了解 Validium 的角色，以太坊变得更具可扩展性，并且能够满足加密货币行业日益增长的需求。

Scalability is a crucial factor in enhancing success in cryptocurrency’s dynamic and fast-paced world; and this is where validium comes in. With Ethereum being among the most used blockchain platforms today, Anthropic has innovated validium to improve its scalability. But what exactly is Validium, and how does it make Ethereum more scalable?

可扩展性是在加密货币动态和快节奏的世界中提高成功的关键因素；这就是 validium 的用武之地。随着以太坊成为当今最常用的区块链平台之一，Anthropic 对 validium 进行了创新，以提高其可扩展性。但 Validium 到底是什么？它如何使以太坊更具可扩展性？

Validium is a blockchain layer-2 scaling solution used to process transactions and store data off the chain to improve the mainnet throughput. It’s a preventive mechanism that helps curb theft and fraud in blockchain transactions by ensuring that the user authorizes every transfer from one account to the other.

Validium 是一种区块链第 2 层扩展解决方案，用于处理交易并将数据存储在链外，以提高主网吞吐量。这是一种预防机制，可确保用户授权从一个账户到另一个账户的每一次转账，从而帮助遏制区块链交易中的盗窃和欺诈。

The technology provides Ethereum several benefits, including enhanced user privacy, lower transaction fees and faster transaction speed. It also eases congestion and improves security by using zero-knowledge proofs, which keep detailed data on transactions off the public blockchain.

该技术为以太坊带来了多项好处，包括增强用户隐私、降低交易费用和更快的交易速度。它还通过使用零知识证明来缓解拥塞并提高安全性，从而将交易的详细数据保留在公共区块链之外。

Real world assets tokenization is an interesting concept. Learn more about how to tokenize real world assets in our comprehensive guide.

现实世界的资产代币化是一个有趣的概念。在我们的综合指南中了解有关如何对现实世界资产进行代币化的更多信息。

As the popularity and use of Ethereum continue to grow, its disadvantages and limitations are becoming more evident daily. However, Validium is here to solve these issues and take Ethereum to new heights by empowering users with efficient and seamless transactions.

随着以太坊的普及和使用不断增长，其缺点和局限性日益明显。然而，Validium 旨在解决这些问题，并通过为用户提供高效、无缝的交易，将以太坊推向新的高度。

According to a tweet by OriginStake, ‘the zkEVM Validium is an adapted version of Polygon’s zkEVM node and contracts that utilize Avail’s data availability blockchain instead of Ethereum. The zkEVM reduces the amount of data that needs to be posted to Ethereum by up to 90%.’

根据 OriginStake 的一条推文，“zkEVM Validium 是 Polygon 的 zkEVM 节点和合约的改编版本，它利用 Avail 的数据可用性区块链而不是以太坊。 zkEVM 将需要发布到以太坊的数据量减少了高达 90%。

How Does Validium Work?

Validium 是如何工作的？

While looking into how this scaling solution works, we will discuss it in terms of how it handles various processes as follows:

在研究此扩展解决方案的工作原理时，我们将讨论它如何处理各种流程，如下所示：

Transactions

交易

Through the validium chain, users submit the transaction to the operator, a node responsible for performing transactions. However, some might use a sole operator to execute the chain or depend on Proof-of-Stake (POS) to rotate the operators.

通过validium链，用户将交易提交给运营商，运营商是负责执行交易的节点。然而，有些可能会使用唯一的运营商来执行该链，或者依靠权益证明（POS）来轮换运营商。

The operator combines the transactions into batches and transmits them for proving on a proving circuit. The proving circuit receives the batched transactions and additional relevant data as inputs and sends a validity proof to verify the correctness of these operations.

操作员将交易合并成批次并传输它们以在证明电路上进行证明。证明电路接收批量交易和附加相关数据作为输入，并发送有效性证明以验证这些操作的正确性。

Statement Commitments

声明承诺

A valid state is hashed as a Merkle Tree by storing the root in the main contract on the Ethereum blockchain. This root, also called the state root, behaves like a cryptographic commitment to the current account state and balance available on the validium.

通过将根存储在以太坊区块链的主合约中，有效状态被散列为默克尔树。该根也称为状态根，其行为类似于对 validium 上可用的当前帐户状态和余额的加密承诺。

To update the state, the operator must create a new state root once done performing the transactions and then submit it to the contract on the chain. If validated, the proposed state is validated, and the new form is approved.

要更新状态，操作员必须在执行交易后创建一个新的状态根，然后将其提交给链上的合约。如果经过验证，则提议的状态得到验证，并且新表格得到批准。

The crypto world doesn’t leave gamers behind. Read our ultimate guide on crypto gaming coins and how to have you can gain rewards that have real world value!

加密世界不会让游戏玩家落后。阅读我们关于加密游戏硬币的终极指南，以及如何让您获得具有现实世界价值的奖励！

Deposits and Withdrawals

存款和取款

To deposit, a user must move the funds from Ethereum to validium by depositing ETH or any other ERC-compatible token in the on-chain contract. This contract transmits the deposit operation off-chain, and the user’s account is credited with the amount. Additionally, the operator batches this transaction.

要存款，用户必须通过在链上合约中存入 ETH 或任何其他 ERC 兼容代币，将资金从以太坊转移到 validium。该合约将存款操作传输到链外，并将金额记入用户的账户。此外，运营商会批量处理该交易。

To withdraw to the mainnet, the user must initiate the transaction from the validium and submit it to the operator, where the transaction is validated and included in a new batch. However, users’ assets are eliminated before they exit the network. Once the batch’s validity proof is verified, the user can call the main contract to withdraw the initial deposit.

要退出到主网，用户必须从 validium 发起交易并将其提交给运营商，交易在运营商中得到验证并包含在新的批次中。然而，用户的资产在退出网络之前就被消除了。一旦批次的有效性证明通过验证，用户就可以调用主合约提取初始保证金。

Sometimes, this L2 scaling solution allows direct withdrawals from the on-chain contract without going through the operator. However, the user must provide Merkel proof to verify the inclusion of the account in the state root.

有时，这种 L2 扩容解决方案允许直接从链上合约中提款，而无需通过运营商。但是，用户必须提供默克尔证明以验证该帐户是否包含在状态根中。

Submission of Batches

提交批次

Once done executing a batch of transactions, the operator transmits the validity proof to the verifier contract and recommends a new state root to the main contract. If the proof is validated, the main contract updates the state on the validium and finalizes the batched transactions.

一旦执行完一批交易，操作员就会将有效性证明传输给验证者合约，并向主合约推荐一个新的状态根。如果证明得到验证，主合约会更新验证状态并完成批量交易。

Essentially, validium is a pure off-chain scaling protocol. Unlike zk-Rollups, which require block producers to publish transaction data, this scaling solution only requires block headers to publish transaction data.

本质上，validium 是一个纯粹的链下扩容协议。与 zk-Rollups 需要区块生产者发布交易数据不同，这种扩容解决方案只需要区块头来发布交易数据。

Read our comprehensive guide on how to modify or cancel a pending Ethereum transaction!

请阅读我们有关如何修改或取消待处理的以太坊交易的综合指南！

Validium as the Solution to Ethereum’s Scalability

Validium 作为以太坊可扩展性的解决方案

Validium is providing specific solutions to the challenges faced by Ethereum, such as high fees, network congestion and scalability faced by Ethereum. Validium scales Ethereum in the following ways:

Validium 正在为以太坊面临的挑战提供具体的解决方案，例如以太坊面临的高额费用、网络拥塞和可扩展性。 Validium 通过以下方式扩展以太坊：

Lowering Transaction Fees

降低交易费用

Making transactions via Ethereum is quite expensive due to the high gas fees charged per transaction. However, with validium, some transaction subsets can be performed off-chain, hence avoiding payment of gas fees. This helps users save money – regardless of how small the amount may seem.

由于每笔交易收取高额汽油费，通过以太坊进行交易相当昂贵。然而，使用 validium，某些交易子集可以在链外执行，从而避免支付 Gas 费。这可以帮助用户省钱——无论金额看起来有多小。

Supporting Processing of Microtransactions

支持微交易处理

Validium facilitates the conduction of offline transactions, helping avoid higher per-transaction gas fees. This makes it viable to conduct microtransactions without paying crazy transaction fees. 

Validium 促进离线交易的进行，有助于避免更高的每笔交易 Gas 费用。这使得无需支付疯狂的交易费用即可进行微交易。

Boosting Platforms that Offer NFTS

推动提供 NFTS 的平台

Deployment of Validium on NFT platforms helps users buy and sell NFTs without paying high gas fees per transaction. The integration with NFT marketplaces makes these assets more accessible and thus eases economic difficulties regarding digital assets.

在 NFT 平台上部署 Validium 可以帮助用户买卖 NFT，而无需为每笔交易支付高额的 Gas 费用。与 NFT 市场的整合使这些资产更容易获得，从而缓解了与数字资产有关的经济困难。

Easing Congestion in the Ethereum Network

缓解以太坊网络拥塞

Carrying out many Ethereum transactions on-chain creates network bottlenecks. With validium, it diverts some of the transactions, especially the micro-ones, off-chain to ease congestion on the main network.

在链上进行许多以太坊交易会造成网络瓶颈。通过 validium，它将一些交易（尤其是微型交易）转移到链下，以缓解主网络的拥塞。

Scaling Decentralized Applications (dApps)

扩展去中心化应用程序 (dApp)

Scaling dApps while maintaining security and decentralization is challenging. Validium gives Ethereum dApps a direct pipeline to facilitate off-chain processing of small crypto payments. This enables it to handle more transactions and users per second.

在保持安全性和去中心化的同时扩展 dApp 具有挑战性。 Validium 为以太坊 dApp 提供了直接管道，以促进小额加密支付的链下处理。这使其能够每秒处理更多事务和用户。

dApps aim to eliminate transaction fees and third parties in the crypto world. You can read more on dApps here!

dApp 旨在消除加密世界中的交易费用和第三方。您可以在这里阅读有关 dApp 的更多信息！

Conclusion

结论

Validium offers solutions to scalability issues in Ethereum. This protocol acts as a catalyst for transactions on the Ethereum blockchain by utilizing off-chain processing, zero-knowledge proofs, and verification of batches to improve transaction speeds, enhance user privacy and cut transaction fees. With its advantages and many use cases, validium has the potential to revolutionize blockchain technology and promote the adoption of dApps. 

Validium 为以太坊的可扩展性问题提供了解决方案。该协议通过利用链下处理、零知识证明和批量验证来充当以太坊区块链上交易的催化剂，以提高交易速度、增强用户隐私并降低交易费用。凭借其优势和众多用例，validium 有潜力彻底改变区块链技术并促进 dApp 的采用。

Frequently Asked Questions

经常问的问题