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Tron(TRX)是一个不太知名但非常成功的区块链。它主要因其古怪的创始人和主要的稳定币而闻名,但还有更多值得讨论的地方。让我们彻底了解一下加密货币。
Tron (TRX) is a cryptocurrency that has been steadily gaining value against Bitcoin (BTC) over the past few years. If Tron is known at all, it is mostly as the blockchain on which the majority of Tether (USDT) transactions occur. This remains the most important, but not the only application of Tron.
Tron(TRX)是一种加密货币,在过去几年中相对于比特币(BTC)一直在稳步增值。如果 Tron 确实为人所知,那么它主要是作为大多数 Tether (USDT) 交易发生的区块链。这仍然是波场最重要的应用,但不是唯一的应用。
In this article, we will delve into the history of Tron, describe the technology and its successes, but also not shy away from criticism.
在本文中,我们将深入研究 Tron 的历史,描述该技术及其成功,但也不回避批评。
From ICO to One of the Most Used Blockchains
从 ICO 到最常用的区块链之一
The history of Tron began in late 2017 with an initial coin offering (ICO) on Ethereum (ETH). The TRON Foundation, founded in Singapore, sold Tronix tokens (TRX) for approximately $77 million and promised to create a „universal credit platform for global entertainment networks.“
Tron 的历史始于 2017 年底,当时在以太坊 (ETH) 上进行了首次代币发行 (ICO)。成立于新加坡的 TRON 基金会以约 7700 万美元的价格出售了 Tronix 代币(TRX),并承诺创建一个“全球娱乐网络的通用信用平台”。
Behind Tron, then and now, is Justin Sun, who was already a well-known figure. Born in 1990, the Chinese entrepreneur had worked at Ripple since 2013 and founded a chat app in China. Forbes China listed him in their „30 under 30“ in 2015.
无论是当时还是现在,Tron 背后都是孙宇晨,他已经是一个众所周知的人物。这位出生于1990年的中国企业家自2013年起在Ripple工作,并在中国创立了一款聊天应用程序。 2015年,他被《福布斯》中国评选为“30位30岁以下杰出人物”。
Tron faced criticism almost immediately after the ICO. The whitepaper used to raise funds allegedly contained plagiarized sections from the whitepaper of the Interplanetary File System without citations. Further accusations of plagiarism soon followed, and developers from the EthereumJ client, which Tron had forked, complained about license violations.
Tron 在 ICO 后几乎立刻就面临批评。据称,用于筹集资金的白皮书包含抄袭星际文件系统白皮书的部分内容,且没有引用。很快,更多的抄袭指控随之而来,Tron 分叉的 EthereumJ 客户端的开发人员抱怨许可证违规。
Nonetheless, Tron evolved into one of the most used blockchains. The website now claims 257 million accounts, nearly 8.5 billion transactions, and $13.778 billion in transfers. Those who invested in the ICO have seen returns nearly 80 times their initial investment.
尽管如此,波场还是发展成为最常用的区块链之一。该网站目前拥有 2.57 亿个账户、近 85 亿笔交易和 137.78 亿美元的转账。那些投资 ICO 的人获得的回报是初始投资的近 80 倍。
Adopting What Is Available
采用可用的东西
Let’s start with the technology. We describe it based on the Whitepaper 2.0, which reflects the current state.
让我们从技术开始。我们根据白皮书2.0来描述它,它反映了当前的状态。
Initially, Tron invented very little but freely borrowed from other blockchains. Essentially, Tron combined two elements that were publicly available and already well-proven during that time, 2017 and 2018.
最初,Tron 发明的东西很少,但自由地借鉴了其他区块链。本质上,Tron 结合了 2017 年和 2018 年期间公开且已得到充分证明的两个元素。
First, Ethereum: Tron forked Ethereum and adopted the complete Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), the environment for executing smart contracts. A significant portion of the developer work behind Ethereum ended up on Tron for free, making it compatible with any smart contract on Ethereum. A „dApp“ on Ethereum can be moved to Tron with a few clicks, and upgrades or other developments can be integrated with relatively little effort.
首先是以太坊:Tron 分叉了以太坊,并采用了完整的以太坊虚拟机(EVM),即执行智能合约的环境。以太坊背后的开发人员工作的很大一部分最终免费在 Tron 上进行,使其与以太坊上的任何智能合约兼容。只需点击几下鼠标即可将以太坊上的“dApp”转移到 Tron,并且可以相对轻松地集成升级或其他开发。
However, Tron changed the consensus mechanism. This is the second component. Instead of using Proof of Work (which Ethereum used at the time), Tron is based on „Delegated Proof of Stake“ (DPoS). This is a consensus mechanism that was relatively popular at the time, used by blockchains like BitShares, Steem, and Lisk. DPoS means that anyone holding a token can elect delegates who are then allowed to validate blocks.
然而,波场改变了共识机制。这是第二个组成部分。 Tron 没有使用工作量证明(以太坊当时使用的),而是基于“委托权益证明”(DPoS)。这是当时比较流行的共识机制,BitShares、Steem、Lisk 等区块链都在使用。 DPoS 意味着任何持有代币的人都可以选举代表,然后这些代表可以验证区块。
The number of validators (equivalent to miners) is deliberately kept small, specifically to 27, which benefits scalability. Thanks to the smaller number of validators, Tron can reduce the intervals between blocks to three seconds, without suffering from large latencies like other blockchains. At the same time, the election of delegates gives individual stakers at least some control. DPoS is considered a reasonable compromise between decentralization and scalability.
验证者(相当于矿工)的数量故意保持较小,特别是 27 个,这有利于可扩展性。由于验证器数量较少,Tron 可以将区块之间的间隔减少到三秒,而不会像其他区块链那样遭受大延迟。与此同时,代表的选举至少赋予个人利益相关者一定的控制权。 DPoS 被认为是去中心化和可扩展性之间的合理折衷。
Apart from borrowing from other projects, Tron has also integrated various innovations of its own and from other sources, sometimes from the start, and sometimes over time.
除了借鉴其他项目之外,Tron 还整合了自己和其他来源的各种创新,有时是从一开始,有时是随着时间的推移。
Tron introduced a three-layer architecture consisting of the Storage Layer, Core Layer, and Application Layer. This modularization could simplify development and scale individual elements better. The blockchain, for instance, is stored in a LevelDB database like Bitcoin, while the state, equivalent to the UTXO set, is stored in a KhaosDB.
Tron引入了三层架构,包括存储层、核心层和应用层。这种模块化可以简化开发并更好地扩展各个元素。例如,区块链像比特币一样存储在 LevelDB 数据库中,而状态(相当于 UTXO 集)存储在 KhaosDB 中。
Later, Tron integrated native decentralized exchanges (DEX), using the rules of the Bancor protocol, a DAO on Ethereum, and created special accounts for tokens. Instead of being a dApp, the exchange of tokens is possible on the consensus level.
后来,Tron 集成了原生去中心化交易所(DEX),使用了 Bancor 协议(以太坊上的 DAO)的规则,并为代币创建了特殊账户。代币交换可以在共识层面上进行,而不是成为 dApp。
A unique feature of Tron is that it does not use „gas“ as a unit for fees like Ethereum, but two concepts: „Bandwidth Points“ and „Energy.“ Bandwidth Points are based on the size of a transaction, while Energy is based on the computational power a smart contract requires. Both can be acquired by freezing TRX tokens. According to my user experience, you always pay a fee in TRX, similar to other blockchains.
Tron 的一个独特之处在于,它不像以太坊那样使用“gas”作为费用单位,而是使用两个概念:“带宽点”和“能量”。带宽点基于交易的大小,而能量则基于交易的大小。智能合约所需的计算能力。两者都可以通过冻结 TRX 代币来获得。根据我的用户体验,你总是用 TRX 支付费用,与其他区块链类似。
Lastly, Tron adopted the „Transaction as Proof of Stake“ (TaPoS) concept from EOS, another blockchain of the time. Each transaction must include the hash of the last block header. This prevents transactions from being broadcasted on forks and guards against various attacks, such as hard forks and double spends.
最后,Tron 采用了当时另一个区块链 EOS 的“交易作为权益证明”(TaPoS)概念。每个交易必须包含最后一个块头的哈希值。这可以防止交易在分叉上广播,并防止各种攻击,例如硬分叉和双花。
The technology of Tron is, admittedly, well-copied to form a scalable smart contract
无可否认,Tron 的技术被很好地复制以形成可扩展的智能合约
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