比特币 Layer 2 的兴起：序数打开了实验的潘多拉魔盒

Ordinals 的引入引发了比特币生态系统内的创新浪潮，特别是通过各种第 2 层实现。其中包括各种基于汇总的第 2 层、锚定链、侧链、状态通道、流动性池和权益证明 L2，所有这些都旨在增强比特币的可扩展性和功能。

The introduction of Ordinals within the Bitcoin ecosystem has indirectly sparked a wave of innovation, particularly regarding Layer 2 (L2) implementations. This includes a diverse array of solutions such as rollups, anchored-chains, sidechains, state channels, liquidity pools, and even Proof of Stake and staking L2s. These advancements bring new features and capabilities, bridging the gap between Bitcoin’s conservative “sound money, store of value” philosophy and the more experimental and versatile world of Ethereum’s DeFi and Web3 ecosystems.

比特币生态系统中 Ordinals 的引入间接引发了一股创新浪潮，特别是在第 2 层 (L2) 实施方面。这包括各种解决方案，例如汇总、锚链、侧链、状态通道、流动性池，甚至是权益证明和 Stake L2。这些进步带来了新的特性和功能，弥合了比特币保守的“健全货币、价值储存”理念与以太坊 DeFi 和 Web3 生态系统更具实验性和多功能性的世界之间的差距。

Drivechains, for example, are a notable Layer 2 solution proposed to enhance Bitcoin’s functionality without altering its core protocol. They allow for the creation of sidechains where altcoins can operate on Bitcoin, facilitating permissionless experimentation, new features, and improved scalability. This model eliminates inter-token competition and integrates successful altcoin innovations into Bitcoin, potentially making altcoins obsolete.

例如，驱动链是一种著名的第 2 层解决方案，旨在增强比特币的功能而不改变其核心协议。它们允许创建侧链，山寨币可以在比特币上运行，从而促进无需许可的实验、新功能和改进的可扩展性。这种模式消除了代币之间的竞争，并将成功的山寨币创新整合到比特币中，从而可能使山寨币变得过时。

Rollups represent another critical innovation within Bitcoin’s Layer 2 landscape. These off-chain scaling solutions process transactions outside the main blockchain and then post summarised data back to Bitcoin’s Layer 1. This method enhances transaction throughput and reduces fees, addressing scalability issues. There are several types of rollups being explored, including optimistic rollups, which assume transactions are valid by default but can be disputed, and Zero Knowledge (ZK) rollups, which use cryptographic proofs to ensure transaction validity without revealing underlying data.

Rollup 代表了比特币第 2 层领域的另一项关键创新。这些链下扩展解决方案处理主区块链之外的交易，然后将汇总数据发布回比特币的第 1 层。这种方法提高了交易吞吐量并降低了费用，解决了可扩展性问题。目前正在探索几种类型的汇总，包括乐观汇总（默认情况下假设交易有效但可能存在争议）和零知识（ZK）汇总（使用加密证明来确保交易有效性而不泄露底层数据）。

The development of other Layer 2 solutions like state channels, anchored-chains, and liquidity pools introduces additional functionalities to Bitcoin like smart contract capabilities and full Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility. State channels enable instant and low-cost transactions by allowing multiple transactions off-chain before recording the final state on-chain. Anchored-chains provide a way to secure additional blockchains using Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (PoW) consensus, while liquidity pools facilitate Decentralised Finance (DeFi) applications on Bitcoin by enabling users to pool their assets for lending, borrowing, and trading.

其他第 2 层解决方案（如状态通道、锚定链和流动性池）的开发为比特币引入了额外的功能，如智能合约功能和完整的以太坊虚拟机 (EVM) 兼容性。状态通道通过在链上记录最终状态之前允许链外进行多个交易来实现即时且低成本的交易。锚定链提供了一种使用比特币工作量证明（PoW）共识来保护额外区块链的方法，而流动性池则通过使用户能够汇集资产进行借贷和交易，促进比特币上的去中心化金融（DeFi）应用。

The advent of Ordinals has catalysed a significant expansion in Bitcoin’s Layer 2 ecosystem, bringing a variety of innovative solutions that enhance its functionality and scalability. L2.watch, a site which tracks Bitcoin L2 projects, currently tracks 85 different projects in the space, which are currently working on expanding Bitcoin’s L2 capabilities in one way or another. These advancements bridge the traditional gap between Bitcoin’s conservative monetary approach and the experimental DeFi and Web3 features prevalent in Ethereum. By incorporating solutions like sidechains, rollups, state channels, and liquidity pools, Bitcoin is poised to offer a more versatile and comprehensive platform while maintaining its core principles of security and decentralisation.

Ordinals 的出现促进了比特币第 2 层生态系统的显着扩展，带来了各种创新解决方案，增强了其功能和可扩展性。 L2.watch 是一个跟踪比特币 L2 项目的网站，目前跟踪该领域的 85 个不同项目，这些项目目前正致力于以某种方式扩展比特币的 L2 功能。这些进步弥合了比特币保守的货币方法与以太坊中流行的实验性 DeFi 和 Web3 功能之间的传统差距。通过整合侧链、汇总、状态通道和流动性池等解决方案，比特币有望提供一个更加通用和全面的平台，同时保持其安全性和去中心化的核心原则。