加密货币中的真实世界资产 (RWA)：基础知识和最大 RWA 加密货币的综合指南

代币化的现实世界资产仍然是 Web3 开发的热门领域。曾经被称为“万亿美元”的机会

Since the inception of ERC-20 tokens and decentralized finance (DeFi), tokenized real-world assets have remained a red-hot segment of Web3 development. Once called a “trillion-dollar” opportunity, the sphere of RWAs has its own risks and promises.

自 ERC-20 代币和去中心化金融 (DeFi) 诞生以来，代币化的现实世界资产一直是 Web3 开发的热门领域。 RWA 领域一度被称为“万亿美元”的机遇，但它也有其自身的风险和前景。

RWA tokens, i.e., cryptocurrencies somehow associated with protocols addressing real-world use cases, are also in the spotlight. In this guide, we are going to navigate through the basics of the on-chain real-world assets sphere and the largest RWA cryptocurrencies.

RWA 代币，即以某种方式与解决现实世界用例的协议相关的加密货币，也受到关注。在本指南中，我们将介绍链上现实世界资产领域和最大的 RWA 加密货币的基础知识。

Real-world assets in crypto: Quick facts

现实世界的加密资产：速览

Real-world assets (abbreviated as RWAs) represent tokenized (on-chain) avatars of various classes of goods or rights that exist outside blockchains.

现实世界资产（缩写为 RWA）代表存在于区块链之外的各类商品或权利的代币化（链上）化身。

As per CoinGecko, the segment of RWA tokens is valued over $19 billion, while the total addressable market (TAM) size for tokenization exceeds trillions of dollars.

根据 CoinGecko 的数据，RWA 代币部分的价值超过 190 亿美元，而代币化的总潜在市场 (TAM) 规模超过数万亿美元。

What are real-world assets in crypto?

什么是现实世界的加密资产？

In crypto and blockchain, real-world assets or RWAs refer to traditional financial assets like agriculture products, precious metals, binds and stocks, but represented as blockchain-base tokens. Therefore, on-chain RWAs can be easily stored and transferred on-chain just like regular tokens.

在加密货币和区块链中，现实世界资产或 RWA 指的是农产品、贵金属、债券和股票等传统金融资产，但表示为基于区块链的代币。因此，链上 RWA 可以像普通代币一样轻松地在链上存储和转移。

Thanks to the process of tokenization, ownership rights or claims are converted into digital tokens, allowing them to be traded solely on-chain.

由于代币化的过程，所有权或债权被转换为数字代币，从而允许它们仅在链上进行交易。

With RWAs, people can both invest in the assets that already exist in the physical world (like raw materials) and purchase the goods unimaginable in Web2 (1/1,000 share of an artwork, a tokenized piece of content and so on).

通过 RWA，人们既可以投资物理世界中已经存在的资产（如原材料），也可以购买 Web2 中难以想象的商品（艺术品、代币化内容等的 1/1,000 份额）。

RWAs in crypto: possible use cases

加密中的 RWA：可能的用例

With modern tokenization principles, almost every asset and object that exists in the physical world can be tokenized. However, with the proper economic motivation, some classes of assets became more popular than others.

根据现代代币化原则，物理世界中存在的几乎所有资产和物体都可以被代币化。然而，在适当的经济动机下，某些类别的资产变得比其他类别更受欢迎。

Example: tokenized fund by Franklin Templeton on Polygon (POL) and other EVM blockchains.

示例：富兰克林邓普顿在 Polygon (POL) 和其他 EVM 区块链上的代币化基金。

Example: tokenized real estate trusts in the U.S.

示例：美国的代币化房地产信托

Example: tokenized digital ownership rights in ERC 6551 tokens.

示例：ERC 6551 代币中的代币化数字所有权。

Simply put, that’s how the tokenization process works: Some Web3 firm inks an agreement with the owner or holder of physical assets, obtains the necessary rights and then issues (mints) tokens with predetermined properties (aggregated supply, token code details, fungibility and so on)

简而言之，代币化过程就是这样运作的：一些 Web3 公司与实物资产的所有者或持有者签署协议，获得必要的权利，然后发行（铸造）具有预定属性（总供应量、代币代码详细信息、可互换性等）的代币。在）

Then, these tokens are offered to the community not unlike regular altcoins or, in case of something non-fungible (unique) like ERC-721, NFTs.

然后，这些代币被提供给社区，就像普通的山寨币一样，或者，对于像 ERC-721 这样的不可替代（独特）的东西，NFT。

Why blockchains are necessary for RWAs trading

为什么区块链对于 RWA 交易是必要的

Being distributed, decentralized, tamper-proof and transparent systems, blockchains are inevitable for creating digital representations of real-world assets (RWAs).

作为分布式、去中心化、防篡改和透明的系统，区块链对于创建现实世界资产（RWA）的数字表示是不可避免的。

Transparency

透明度

In blockchains, every transaction can easily be verified, including the very fact of asset minting/burning and every transfer associated with it. Even with no specific technical knowledge, every trader or investor can check the status of the asset they are going to buy.

在区块链中，每笔交易都可以轻松验证，包括资产铸造/销毁的事实以及与之相关的每笔转账。即使没有特定的技术知识，每个交易者或投资者都可以检查他们要购买的资产的状态。

Flexibility

灵活性

While in Web2 creating new assets is associated with regulatory, infrastructure and economical challenges, in crypto, on-chain assets of various types can be created in a couple of clips. As such, it unveils unmatched opportunities for issuing different types of RWAs suitable for diverse investing strategies.

在 Web2 中，创建新资产与监管、基础设施和经济挑战相关，而在加密货币中，可以在几个片段中创建各种类型的链上资产。因此，它为发行适合不同投资策略的不同类型的 RWA 提供了无与伦比的机会。

Resource-efficiency

资源效率

In cryptocurrency, new tokens can be minted for a fraction of cent while transfers are charged with negligible commissions. Also, the storage of RWAs in crypto wallets is way cheaper than that with “real” Gold, Silver, let alone crude oil or agriculture production.

在加密货币中，新代币的铸造成本仅为一小部分，而转账的佣金则可以忽略不计。此外，在加密钱包中存储 RWA 比“真正的”黄金、白银便宜得多，更不用说原油或农业生产了。

While in other segments (cross-border transfers, data storage and so on), blockchain accelerated existing developments, in RWAs it created a totally new technical basis that previously could hardly be imagined.

虽然在其他领域（跨境传输、数据存储等），区块链加速了现有发展，但在 RWA 中，它创造了以前难以想象的全新技术基础。

RWA crypto coins: What to know

RWA 加密货币：需要了解什么

RWA cryptocurrencies represent the thriving class of crypto assets that are associated with projects addressing real-world assets in blockchain in various ways. The interest in RWA solutions is mirrored by the spikes of popularity of RWA crypto tokens.

RWA 加密货币代表了蓬勃发展的加密资产类别，这些资产与以各种方式处理区块链中现实世界资产的项目相关。 RWA 加密代币的流行程度反映了人们对 RWA 解决方案的兴趣。

Mantra (OM)

真言（OM）

Launched in 2020, Mantra (OM), previously known as Mantra DAO, is one of the pioneering Layer 1 blockchains specifically designed for operations with real-world assets. Its mainnet kicked off in October 2024, triggering much enthusiasm in the segment.

Mantra (OM) 于 2020 年推出，以前称为 Mantra DAO，是专门为现实世界资产运营而设计的先锋第 1 层区块链之一。其主网于2024年10月启动，引发了业界的热烈讨论。

OM, Mantra’s native ecosystem token, migrated to its own chain immediately after the mainnet release. OM’s staking is also available. Mantra's (OM) team stresses that it is focused on making on-chain operations with RWAs fully regulatory-compliant.

OM 是 Mantra 的原生生态系统代币，在主网发布后立即迁移到自己的链上。 OM 的质押也可用。 Mantra (OM) 团队强调，其重点是使 RWA 的链上操作完全符合监管要求。

Ondo Finance (ONDO)

昂多金融 (ONDO)

Introduced in early 2021, Ondo Finance (ONDO) offers a wide range of financial products from Web2 available as cryptocurrency tokens. Ondo Finance (ONDO) became popular due

Ondo Finance (ONDO) 于 2021 年初推出，提供来自 Web2 的各种以加密货币代币形式提供的金融产品。 Ondo Finance（ONDO）因