什么是 NEAR 协议？

NEAR 协议是一个公共第 1 层区块链，旨在利用计算机网络来驱动开发人员创建和发布去中心化应用程序 (dApp) 的平台。

The NEAR Protocol is a public Layer 1 blockchain that aims to create a network of computers to power a platform for developers to build and launch decentralized applications (dApps).

NEAR 协议是一个公共第 1 层区块链，旨在创建一个计算机网络，为开发人员构建和启动去中心化应用程序 (dApp) 的平台提供支持。

The protocol’s cryptocurrency is also called NEAR and is used to pay transaction and storage fees. NEAR tokens can also be staked by those involved in network consensus as transaction validators.

该协议的加密货币也称为 NEAR，用于支付交易和存储费用。 NEAR 代币也可以由那些参与网络共识的人作为交易验证者进行质押。

History of the NEAR Protocol

NEAR 协议的历史

The founders of NEAR are Ukrainian computer scientists and mathematicians Oleksandr Skidanov and Ilya Polosukhin. They have been working on the protocol since 2017, and the NEAR core network went live in August 2020.

NEAR 的创始人是乌克兰计算机科学家和数学家 Oleksandr Skidanov 和 Ilya Polosukhin。他们自 2017 年以来一直在研究该协议，NEAR 核心网络于 2020 年 8 月上线。

Polosukhin also worked on the open-source machine learning library Tensor Flow. Skidanov and Polosukhin set out to create a better Ethereum without relying on the scalability of a layer two.

Polosukhin 还致力于开源机器学习库 Tensor Flow 的开发。 Skidanov 和 Polosukhin 着手创建一个更好的以太坊，而不依赖于第二层的可扩展性。

How does the NEAR Protocol work?

NEAR 协议如何运作？

The NEAR Protocol is a blockchain that achieves consensus via the proof of stake (PoS) mechanism with the concept of sharding being one of the core aspects of the project.

NEAR 协议是一种通过权益证明（PoS）机制达成共识的区块链，分片的概念是该项目的核心方面之一。

Charding is a process that aims to split the network infrastructure into multiple segments so that computers, also known as nodes (or node), can process only a portion of the transactions on the network.

Charding 是一个旨在将网络基础设施拆分为多个段的过程，以便计算机（也称为节点（或节点））只能处理网络上的部分交易。

NEAR functions similarly to other decentralized storage systems such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), which serve as the base layer on which applications are built. But instead of being controlled by a single entity, NEAR is managed and maintained by a distributed network of nodes.

NEAR 的功能类似于其他去中心化存储系统，例如 Amazon Web Services (AWS)，它充当构建应用程序的基础层。但 NEAR 不是由单个实体控制，而是由分布式节点网络管理和维护。

NEAR further enhances the concept of sharding with its unique block partitioning solution called “Nightshade”, which was launched in November 2021 as Simple Nightshade. Since validators no longer have to process all incoming transactions, but only those within the shards, Nightshade enables infinite scaling.

NEAR 通过其独特的块分区解决方案“Nightshade”进一步增强了分片概念，该解决方案于 2021 年 11 月推出，名为 Simple Nightshade。由于验证器不再需要处理所有传入的交易，而只需处理分片内的交易，因此 Nightshade 可以实现无限扩展。

Nightshade

茄属植物

In addition to being a distributed architecture, sharding allows the blockchain to scale more efficiently, enabling a higher volume of transactions per second and lower transaction fees.

除了作为分布式架构之外，分片还允许区块链更有效地扩展，从而实现更高的每秒交易量和更低的交易费用。

Nightshade enables the NEAR protocol to maintain a single chain of data while distributing the computational processes needed to maintain that data into “shards/chunks”. These chunks are handled by nodes that process the information and add it to the underlying network.

Nightshade 使 NEAR 协议能够维护单个数据链，同时将维护该数据所需的计算过程分配到“碎片/块”中。这些块由处理信息并将其添加到底层网络的节点处理。

Rainbow Bridge

彩虹桥

The Rainbow Bridge application makes it possible for any information that is cryptographically provable in NEAR to be used in Etherium contracts and vice versa. Participants in the NEAR network can easily transfer ETH tokens between the Etherium blockchain and the NEAR one.

Rainbow Bridge 应用程序使得 NEAR 中可加密证明的任何信息都可以在 Etherium 合约中使用，反之亦然。 NEAR 网络的参与者可以轻松地在 Etherium 区块链和 NEAR 区块链之间转移 ETH 代币。

To transfer tokens from Ethereum to the NEAR Protocol, a user must first deposit tokens into an Ethereum smart contract. These tokens are then locked and new tokens representing the original tokens are created on the NEAR platform.

要将代币从以太坊转移到 NEAR 协议，用户必须首先将代币存入以太坊智能合约。然后这些代币将被锁定，并在 NEAR 平台上创建代表原始代币的新代币。

The process itself can be reversed whenever the user wishes to receive their original tokens, as the original funds are stored through the smart contract.

每当用户希望收到原始代币时，该过程本身就可以逆转，因为原始资金是通过智能合约存储的。

Aurora

极光

Aurora is a Layer 2 scaling solution built on the NEAR protocol, designed for developers to run their decentralized applications on Ethereum on the NEAR network.

Aurora 是基于 NEAR 协议构建的第 2 层扩展解决方案，专为开发人员在 NEAR 网络上的以太坊上运行其去中心化应用程序而设计。

Aurora is built using Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) technology as well as an inter-circuit bridge that allows developers to seamlessly connect their Ethereum smart contracts and assets.

Aurora 使用以太坊虚拟机 (EVM) 技术以及电路间桥构建，允许开发人员无缝连接其以太坊智能合约和资产。

Developers can use Aurora to combine the benefits of the NEAR protocol, such as low fees and high bandwidth, with the familiarity and network of Ethereum applications.

开发人员可以使用 Aurora 将 NEAR 协议的优势（例如低费用和高带宽）与以太坊应用程序的熟悉度和网络结合起来。

Which are the most popular dApps on the NEAR network

NEAR 网络上最受欢迎的 dApp 是哪些

How do I buy NEAR?

如何购买 NEAR？

1. Choose a crypto exchange

1. 选择加密货币交易所

There are numerous cryptocurrency exchanges and marketplaces that offer a range of services, from easy-to-use interfaces to advanced trading dashboards.

有许多加密货币交易所和市场提供一系列服务，从易于使用的界面到高级交易仪表板。

Since NEAR is a popular cryptocurrency, you will be able to buy the token on most cryptocurrency exchanges, but it is advisable to stick to a few of the more well-known exchanges such as Binance, Kraken, Coinbase, etc. Different platforms come with varying fees, security measures, and may include other features, so it’s a good idea to do your research before signing up.

由于 NEAR 是一种流行的加密货币，因此您可以在大多数加密货币交易所购买该代币，但建议您坚持选择一些较知名的交易所，例如 Binance、Kraken、Coinbase 等。不同的平台会提供不同的代币。不同的费用、安全措施，并且可能包括其他功能，因此最好在注册之前进行研究。

2. Create an account and confirm it

2. 创建账户并确认

Begin by registering for an account, which is completely free on the aforementioned platforms. For enhanced security, 2FA – two-factor authentication – is also enabled. This way, only you and your device can grant access to the account.

首先注册一个帐户，该帐户在上述平台上是完全免费的。为了增强安全性，还启用了 2FA（双因素身份验证）。这样，只有您和您的设备可以授予对该帐户的访问权限。

You are then guided through a KYC process, which involves providing personal information – ID card/passport/driving license details, and proof of address (e.g. bank statement or utility bill).

然后，您将被引导完成 KYC 流程，其中涉及提供个人信息 – 身份证/护照/驾驶执照详细信息以及地址证明（例如银行对账单或公用事业账单）。

After completing these steps, you are ready to buy, sell and trade NEAR Protocol (NEAR) as well as avail various services such as staking.

完成这些步骤后，您就可以购买、出售和交易 NEAR 协议 (NEAR) 以及利用各种服务，例如质押。

3. Fund your account

3. 为您的账户注入资金

Once your account has been registered and verified, you need to fund the account in order to start utilizing the platform’s buying and trading services.

注册并验证您的帐户后，您需要为该帐户充值才能开始使用该平台的购买和交易服务。

The main deposit options are:

主要存款选择有：

Where to buy NEAR

哪里可以买到 近