什麼是 NEAR 協議？

NEAR 協議是一個公共第 1 層區塊鏈，旨在利用電腦網路來驅動開發人員創建和發布去中心化應用程式 (dApp) 的平台。

The NEAR Protocol is a public Layer 1 blockchain that aims to create a network of computers to power a platform for developers to build and launch decentralized applications (dApps).

NEAR 協議是一個公共第 1 層區塊鏈，旨在創建一個電腦網絡，為開發人員建立和啟動去中心化應用程式 (dApp) 的平台提供支援。

The protocol’s cryptocurrency is also called NEAR and is used to pay transaction and storage fees. NEAR tokens can also be staked by those involved in network consensus as transaction validators.

該協議的加密貨幣也稱為 NEAR，用於支付交易和儲存費用。 NEAR 代幣也可以由參與網路共識的人作為交易驗證者進行質押。

History of the NEAR Protocol

NEAR 協議的歷史

The founders of NEAR are Ukrainian computer scientists and mathematicians Oleksandr Skidanov and Ilya Polosukhin. They have been working on the protocol since 2017, and the NEAR core network went live in August 2020.

NEAR 的創辦人是烏克蘭電腦科學家和數學家 Oleksandr Skidanov 和 Ilya Polosukhin。他們自 2017 年以來一直在研究該協議，NEAR 核心網路於 2020 年 8 月上線。

Polosukhin also worked on the open-source machine learning library Tensor Flow. Skidanov and Polosukhin set out to create a better Ethereum without relying on the scalability of a layer two.

Polosukhin 也致力於開源機器學習庫 Tensor Flow 的開發。 Skidanov 和 Polosukhin 著手創建一個更好的以太坊，而不依賴第二層的可擴展性。

How does the NEAR Protocol work?

NEAR 協議如何運作？

The NEAR Protocol is a blockchain that achieves consensus via the proof of stake (PoS) mechanism with the concept of sharding being one of the core aspects of the project.

NEAR 協議是一種透過權益證明（PoS）機制達成共識的區塊鏈，分片的概念是該專案的核心面向之一。

Charding is a process that aims to split the network infrastructure into multiple segments so that computers, also known as nodes (or node), can process only a portion of the transactions on the network.

Charding 是一個旨在將網路基礎架構分割為多個區段的過程，以便電腦（也稱為節點（或節點））只能處理網路上的部分交易。

NEAR functions similarly to other decentralized storage systems such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), which serve as the base layer on which applications are built. But instead of being controlled by a single entity, NEAR is managed and maintained by a distributed network of nodes.

NEAR 的功能類似於其他去中心化儲存系統，例如 Amazon Web Services (AWS)，它充當建置應用程式的基礎層。但 NEAR 不是由單一實體控制，而是由分散式節點網路管理和維護。

NEAR further enhances the concept of sharding with its unique block partitioning solution called “Nightshade”, which was launched in November 2021 as Simple Nightshade. Since validators no longer have to process all incoming transactions, but only those within the shards, Nightshade enables infinite scaling.

NEAR 透過其獨特的區塊分區解決方案「Nightshade」進一步增強了分片概念，該解決方案於 2021 年 11 月推出，名為 Simple Nightshade。由於驗證器不再需要處理所有傳入的交易，而只需處理分片內的交易，因此 Nightshade 可以實現無限擴充。

Nightshade

茄屬植物

In addition to being a distributed architecture, sharding allows the blockchain to scale more efficiently, enabling a higher volume of transactions per second and lower transaction fees.

除了作為分散式架構之外，分片還允許區塊鏈更有效地擴展，從而實現更高的每秒交易量和更低的交易費用。

Nightshade enables the NEAR protocol to maintain a single chain of data while distributing the computational processes needed to maintain that data into “shards/chunks”. These chunks are handled by nodes that process the information and add it to the underlying network.

Nightshade 使 NEAR 協定能夠維護單一資料鏈，同時將維護該資料所需的計算過程分配到「碎片/區塊」中。這些區塊由處理資訊並將其添加到底層網路的節點處理。

Rainbow Bridge

彩虹橋

The Rainbow Bridge application makes it possible for any information that is cryptographically provable in NEAR to be used in Etherium contracts and vice versa. Participants in the NEAR network can easily transfer ETH tokens between the Etherium blockchain and the NEAR one.

Rainbow Bridge 應用程式使得 NEAR 中可加密證明的任何資訊都可以在 Etherium 合約中使用，反之亦然。 NEAR 網路的參與者可以輕鬆地在 Etherium 區塊鏈和 NEAR 區塊鏈之間轉移 ETH 代幣。

To transfer tokens from Ethereum to the NEAR Protocol, a user must first deposit tokens into an Ethereum smart contract. These tokens are then locked and new tokens representing the original tokens are created on the NEAR platform.

要將代幣從以太幣轉移到 NEAR 協議，用戶必須先將代幣存入以太坊智能合約。然後這些代幣將被鎖定，並在 NEAR 平台上創建代表原始代幣的新代幣。

The process itself can be reversed whenever the user wishes to receive their original tokens, as the original funds are stored through the smart contract.

每當用戶希望收到原始代幣時，該過程本身就可以逆轉，因為原始資金是透過智慧合約儲存的。

Aurora

極光

Aurora is a Layer 2 scaling solution built on the NEAR protocol, designed for developers to run their decentralized applications on Ethereum on the NEAR network.

Aurora 是基於 NEAR 協議構建的第 2 層擴展解決方案，專為開發人員在 NEAR 網路上的以太坊上運行其去中心化應用程式而設計。

Aurora is built using Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) technology as well as an inter-circuit bridge that allows developers to seamlessly connect their Ethereum smart contracts and assets.

Aurora 使用以太坊虛擬機 (EVM) 技術以及電路間橋構建，允許開發人員無縫連接其以太坊智能合約和資產。

Developers can use Aurora to combine the benefits of the NEAR protocol, such as low fees and high bandwidth, with the familiarity and network of Ethereum applications.

開發人員可以使用 Aurora 將 NEAR 協議的優勢（例如低費用和高頻寬）與以太坊應用程式的熟悉度和網路結合。

Which are the most popular dApps on the NEAR network

NEAR 網路上最受歡迎的 dApp 是哪些

How do I buy NEAR?

如何購買 NEAR？

1. Choose a crypto exchange

1. 選擇加密貨幣交易所

There are numerous cryptocurrency exchanges and marketplaces that offer a range of services, from easy-to-use interfaces to advanced trading dashboards.

有許多加密貨幣交易所和市場提供一系列服務，從易於使用的介面到高級交易儀表板。

Since NEAR is a popular cryptocurrency, you will be able to buy the token on most cryptocurrency exchanges, but it is advisable to stick to a few of the more well-known exchanges such as Binance, Kraken, Coinbase, etc. Different platforms come with varying fees, security measures, and may include other features, so it’s a good idea to do your research before signing up.

由於NEAR 是一種流行的加密貨幣，因此您可以在大多數加密貨幣交易所購買該代幣，但建議您堅持選擇一些較知名的交易所，例如Binance、Kraken、Coinbase 等。不同的代幣。

2. Create an account and confirm it

2. 建立帳戶並確認

Begin by registering for an account, which is completely free on the aforementioned platforms. For enhanced security, 2FA – two-factor authentication – is also enabled. This way, only you and your device can grant access to the account.

首先註冊一個帳戶，該帳戶在上述平台上是完全免費的。為了增強安全性，也啟用了 2FA（雙重認證）。這樣，只有您和您的裝置可以授予對該帳戶的存取權限。

You are then guided through a KYC process, which involves providing personal information – ID card/passport/driving license details, and proof of address (e.g. bank statement or utility bill).

然後，您將被引導完成 KYC 流程，其中涉及提供個人資訊 – 身分證/護照/駕照詳細資訊以及地址證明（例如銀行對帳單或公用事業帳單）。

After completing these steps, you are ready to buy, sell and trade NEAR Protocol (NEAR) as well as avail various services such as staking.

完成這些步驟後，您就可以購買、出售和交易 NEAR 協議 (NEAR) 以及利用各種服務，例如質押。

3. Fund your account

3. 為您的帳戶注入資金

Once your account has been registered and verified, you need to fund the account in order to start utilizing the platform’s buying and trading services.

註冊並驗證您的帳戶後，您需要為該帳戶充值才能開始使用該平台的購買和交易服務。

The main deposit options are:

主要存款選擇有：

Where to buy NEAR

哪裡可以買 近