乐观汇总：以太坊可扩展性的游戏规则改变者

乐观汇总与零知识汇总一样，都是第 2 层解决方案，通过处理链下交易、减少拥塞和降低费用来增强以太坊的可扩展性。乐观汇总假设交易在处理时有效，从而实现更快的吞吐量，但它们依赖于 7 天的挑战期，用户可以在其中对无效交易提出异议，从而确保网络的完整性。

Optimistic Rollups: A Scalability Solution for Ethereum

乐观汇总：以太坊的可扩展性解决方案

Introduction

介绍

In the rapidly evolving world of blockchain technology, scalability remains a critical challenge. Ethereum, the pioneering blockchain platform, has faced significant network congestion and high transaction fees due to its immense popularity. To address these issues, developers have proposed various scalability solutions, including optimistic rollups.

在快速发展的区块链技术世界中，可扩展性仍然是一个严峻的挑战。以太坊是开创性的区块链平台，由于其巨大的受欢迎程度，面临着严重的网络拥塞和高昂的交易费用。为了解决这些问题，开发人员提出了各种可扩展性解决方案，包括乐观汇总。

Concept of Optimistic Rollups

乐观汇总的概念

Optimistic rollups are a layer-2 scaling technology that operates on top of the Ethereum mainnet. They share similarities with zero-knowledge rollups but differ in their approach to transaction validation. Optimistic rollups assume that all transactions within a block are valid, enabling faster transaction processing without the need for immediate validation.

乐观汇总是一种在以太坊主网之上运行的第 2 层扩展技术。它们与零知识汇总有相似之处，但交易验证方法有所不同。乐观汇总假设块内的所有交易都是有效的，从而无需立即验证即可实现更快的交易处理。

Layer-2 Communication

二层通信

As a layer-2 solution, optimistic rollups facilitate cross-layer communication with the Ethereum mainnet. This communication is necessary to transfer transactions between the layer-2 solution and the mainnet. The process involves a user depositing funds into smart contracts compatible with the layer-2 solution.

作为第 2 层解决方案，Optimistic Rollup 促进了与以太坊主网的跨层通信。这种通信对于在第 2 层解决方案和主网之间传输交易是必要的。该过程涉及用户将资金存入与第 2 层解决方案兼容的智能合约中。

Transaction Processing

事务处理

Once transactions are deposited, a "sequencer" node, similar to a validator on Ethereum, processes them. The sequencer rolls these transactions into a single block, known as a state commitment. This state commitment represents the updated state of the layer-2 solution. The sequencer then sends the state commitment as a single transaction back to the Ethereum mainnet.

一旦交易被存入，“排序器”节点（类似于以太坊上的验证器）就会处理它们。排序器将这些事务滚动到一个块中，称为状态承诺。该状态承诺代表了第 2 层解决方案的更新状态。然后，排序器将状态承诺作为单个交易发送回以太坊主网。

Optimistic Assumption

乐观假设

The "optimistic" nature of optimistic rollups lies in their assumption of transaction validity. Unlike other blockchain protocols that require immediate validation, optimistic rollups assume that all transactions are valid. This eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming validation processes, resulting in significantly faster transaction throughput.

乐观汇总的“乐观”本质在于其对交易有效性的假设。与其他需要立即验证的区块链协议不同，乐观汇总假设所有交易都是有效的。这消除了昂贵且耗时的验证过程的需要，从而显着加快了交易吞吐量。

Fault Proofs

故障证明

However, to ensure the integrity of the system, optimistic rollups incorporate a "fault proof" process. Users can challenge a state commitment if they believe it contains invalid transactions. If the challenge is successful, the state commitment is removed from the chain and replaced with a new one. Users have a designated period of time, typically seven days, to initiate a challenge before the state commitment becomes final.

然而，为了确保系统的完整性，Optimistic Rollup 包含了“防错”过程。如果用户认为状态承诺包含无效交易，他们可以质疑该承诺。如果挑战成功，国家承诺将从链中删除并替换为新的承诺。在国家承诺最终生效之前，用户有指定的时间段（通常为 7 天）发起挑战。

Integration with Optimism

乐观整合

While optimistic rollups are employed in various scalability solutions, they form an integral part of Optimism's software stack known as the OP Stack. The OP Stack includes other components that contribute to the overall scalability and security of the Optimism network.

虽然 Optimistic Rollup 被用于各种可扩展性解决方案中，但它们构成了 Optimism 软件堆栈（称为 OP Stack）不可或缺的一部分。 OP 堆栈包括有助于 Optimism 网络整体可扩展性和安全性的其他组件。

Conclusion

结论

Optimistic rollups offer a promising approach to mengatasi the scalability challenges faced by Ethereum. They provide faster transaction processing by assuming transaction validity and utilizing layer-2 communication. The fault proof process ensures the integrity of the system, empowering users to challenge invalid state commitments. As research and development in this field continue, optimistic rollups are expected to play a significant role in unlocking the full potential of Ethereum and other blockchain platforms.

乐观汇总为解决以太坊面临的可扩展性挑战提供了一种有前途的方法。它们通过假设交易有效性并利用第 2 层通信来提供更快的交易处理。防错过程确保了系统的完整性，使用户能够挑战无效的状态承诺。随着该领域研究和开发的继续，乐观汇总预计将在释放以太坊和其他区块链平台的全部潜力方面发挥重要作用。