印度的大规模选举忽略了区块链技术

尽管印度在各个领域都采用了区块链技术，但它在今年的全国选举中仍然缺席。该国庞大的人口和技术差距带来了挑战，而区块链系统的复杂性和标准化监管的缺乏引起了政策制定者的担忧。

India's Mammoth Election Excludes Blockchain Technology

印度的大规模选举排除了区块链技术

India, the world's largest democracy, embarked on its mammoth seven-phased election on April 19, culminating on June 1, with no discernible presence of blockchain technology in the electoral process. The election aims to elect 543 members of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament, with vote counting and result declaration scheduled for June 4.

印度是世界上最大的民主国家，于 4 月 19 日开始了规模庞大的七阶段选举，并于 6 月 1 日结束，选举过程中没有明显的区块链技术存在。此次选举旨在选举下议院 543 名议员，计票和结果公布定于 6 月 4 日进行。

Despite India's significant adoption of blockchain technology across various sectors, the technology remains conspicuously absent from its national elections. "Blockchain technology, though widely prevalent in different industries, has not penetrated India's elections yet," stated Rajagopal Menon, Vice President of WazirX, one of India's prominent digital asset trading platforms.

尽管印度在各个领域大量采用区块链技术，但该技术在全国选举中仍然明显缺席。印度著名数字资产交易平台之一 WazirX 的副总裁 Rajagopal Menon 表示：“区块链技术虽然在不同行业广泛流行，但尚未渗透到印度的选举中。”

India's rapidly growing economy has positioned it as a key catalyst for achieving its ambitious target of a $5 trillion economy by 2028. Leveraging AI and blockchain technologies, India has also established itself as a global superpower while etching its name in history as the first nation to successfully execute a soft landing on the unexplored South Pole of the Moon.

印度快速增长的经济使其成为实现到 2028 年经济规模达到 5 万亿美元的宏伟目标的关键催化剂。印度还利用人工智能和区块链技术，确立了自己作为全球超级大国的地位，同时作为第一个在印度实现经济增长的国家而载入史册。成功在未经探索的月球南极软着陆。

"As governments and political parties embrace technology, the next innovation wave could involve permissioned blockchain, which possesses the scalability to tally votes from millions of citizens simultaneously, even in a phased manner," Menon suggested.

梅农表示：“随着政府和政党拥抱技术，下一波创新浪潮可能会涉及许可的区块链，它具有可扩展性，可以同时统计数百万公民的选票，甚至可以分阶段进行。”

India presently relies on indigenous technology comprising Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and the Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT). Menon elaborated, "The transition from physical ballots to EVMs occurred within the last decade, but blockchain could potentially be the future. An EVM-based smart chain would be ideal for elections, provided it can handle the extraordinary scalability required to process millions of votes concurrently."

印度目前依赖包括电子投票机（EVM）和选民可验证纸质审计追踪（VVPAT）在内的本土技术。 Menon 阐述道：“从物理选票到 EVM 的转变发生在过去十年内，但区块链可能是未来的趋势。基于 EVM 的智能链将是选举的理想选择，只要它能够处理处理数百万张选票所需的非凡可扩展性同时”。

He further emphasized the critical importance of robust security measures to prevent data breaches or hacking. "Developing a permissioned blockchain without revealing voter identities presents challenges and requires the intervention of smart contracts. This can only be realized with enhanced blockchain adoption in public systems and a well-defined set of regulations."

他进一步强调了强有力的安全措施对于防止数据泄露或黑客攻击的至关重要性。 “在不泄露选民身份的情况下开发许可的区块链会带来挑战，并且需要智能合约的干预。这只能通过在公共系统中加强区块链采用和一套明确的法规来实现。”

Elections in India are inherently expensive endeavors. In 2024, it is projected to be the world's costliest election, with candidates and political parties anticipated to spend approximately $14.4 billion. The 2019 national elections saw an expenditure of roughly $7.2 billion.

印度的选举本质上是一项耗资巨大的活动。 2024 年，预计这将是世界上成本最高的选举，候选人和政党预计将花费约 144 亿美元。 2019 年全国选举的支出约为 72 亿美元。

Blockchain's Potential: A Game-Changer

区块链的潜力：游戏规则改变者

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) used in Indian elections have faced criticism over concerns such as breakdowns during the polling process. "Blockchain technology offers the potential to transform the election process significantly by addressing key challenges like security, transparency, and credibility," emphasized Raj Kapoor, founder of the India Blockchain Alliance.

印度选举中使用的电子投票机（EVM）因投票过程中出现故障等问题而受到批评。印度区块链联盟创始人 Raj Kapoor 强调：“区块链技术通过解决安全性、透明度和可信度等关键挑战，提供了显着改变选举过程的潜力。”

Blockchain's implementation can enhance transparency by providing a publicly accessible and immutable record of all voting transactions, fostering trust and confidence in the electoral process while eliminating doubts about the accuracy and impartiality of the results. "Election authorities and technology experts should collaborate with election monitoring groups to impart knowledge on utilizing democratized technologies to ensure a fair and impartial electoral process," Kapoor urged.

区块链的实施可以通过提供所有投票交易的可公开访问且不可变的记录来提高透明度，增强对选举过程的信任和信心，同时消除对结果准确性和公正性的怀疑。卡普尔敦促说：“选举当局和技术专家应与选举监督团体合作，传授有关利用民主化技术的知识，以确保公平公正的选举进程。”

Blockchain's application would render voting records unalterable, and unique identities would eliminate the possibility of vote manipulation or skewing. "Blockchain technology can revolutionize elections, particularly in nations with vast electorates like India. It can deliver cost-effective, instantaneous, and timestamped results, facilitating constituency-based result computation," explained Menon of WazirX.

区块链的应用将使投票记录不可更改，并且唯一的身份将消除投票操纵或偏差的可能性。 “区块链技术可以彻底改变选举，特别是在像印度这样拥有大量选民的国家。它可以提供具有成本效益的、即时的和带时间戳的结果，促进基于选区的结果计算，”WazirX 的 Menon 解释道。

"If integrated with devices like mobile phones via Digilocker, voters could cast their ballots from anywhere, regardless of their physical location during election time. This would benefit individuals working in different cities who currently have to travel to their hometowns to vote. It also ensures that geographical distance does not hinder voter participation," Menon added.

“如果通过 Digilocker 与手机等设备集成，选民可以在任何地方投票，无论选举期间身在何处。这将有利于在不同城市工作的个人，他们目前必须前往家乡投票。它还确保地理距离并不妨碍选民参与，”梅农补充道。

Dry Run and Resistance

试运行和阻力

Khammam, a district in the southern Indian state of Telangana, recently conducted a dry run exercise for the country's first smartphone-based e-voting system organized by the Telangana State Election Commission (TSEC). The dry run employed blockchain technology to securely store and protect de-identified and encrypted votes as immutable records.

印度南部特伦甘纳邦的卡马姆 (Khammam) 地区最近为特伦甘纳邦选举委员会 (TSEC) 组织的印度首个基于智能手机的电子投票系统进行了演练。演练采用区块链技术来安全地存储和保护去识别化和加密的选票作为不可变的记录。

Kapoor commented, "The Telangana State Election Commission's distributed ledger technology-based e-voting application will eventually enhance the fairness and transparency of the voting process, despite the criticism that similar projects have often faced in India."

卡普尔评论道：“特伦甘纳邦选举委员会基于分布式账本技术的电子投票应用程序最终将提高投票过程的公平性和透明度，尽管类似项目在印度经常面临批评。”

Tamil Nadu has also proposed a state-wide blockchain infrastructure to be utilized by various government agencies and public sector entities. It envisions a single platform where blockchain applications can be developed and deployed for the state's departments and public sector enterprises. This platform will operate as a Blockchain As A Service (BAAS) provider to government departments, public sector entities, agencies, and organizations.

泰米尔纳德邦还提议建立一个全州范围的区块链基础设施，供各政府机构和公共部门实体使用。它设想了一个单一平台，可以为国家部门和公共部门企业开发和部署区块链应用程序。该平台将作为区块链即服务（BAAS）提供商向政府部门、公共部门实体、机构和组织运营。

Despite its potential, blockchain technology's absence from Indian elections is attributed to several factors. "Legal frameworks governing elections vary across jurisdictions, and policymakers may hesitate to adopt blockchain technology due to concerns about privacy, compliance, and accountability. Additionally, the lack of standardized regulations for blockchain-based voting systems can lead to uncertainty and reluctance among election authorities and stakeholders," Kapoor explained.

尽管区块链技术潜力巨大，但其在印度选举中的缺席有几个原因。 “管理选举的法律框架因司法管辖区而异，由于对隐私、合规性和问责制的担忧，政策制定者可能会犹豫是否采用区块链技术。此外，基于区块链的投票系统缺乏标准化法规可能会导致选举当局的不确定性和不情愿和利益相关者，”卡普尔解释道。

Technological barriers and limitations pose another challenge, particularly in a country with India's vast population. Skepticism towards emerging technologies or resistance to change can further hinder the adoption of blockchain-based elections.

技术障碍和限制构成了另一个挑战，特别是在印度这样一个人口众多的国家。对新兴技术的怀疑或对变革的抵制可能会进一步阻碍基于区块链的选举的采用。

"Issues such as scalability, latency, and network congestion can compromise the efficiency and reliability of blockchain networks, potentially leading to delays or disruptions in the voting process. The complexity of blockchain technology may pose challenges for election officials and voters, particularly those with limited technical expertise, resulting in usability issues and potential errors," Kapoor concluded.

“可扩展性、延迟和网络拥塞等问题可能会损害区块链网络的效率和可靠性，可能导致投票过程的延迟或中断。区块链技术的复杂性可能会给选举官员和选民带来挑战，特别是那些能力有限的选民。技术专业知识，导致可用性问题和潜在错误，”卡普尔总结道。

India's journey towards becoming a leader in the Web3 era is comprehensively explored in the video "India poised to become leaders in Web3."

视频“印度准备成为 Web3 的领导者”全面探讨了印度成为 Web3 时代领导者的历程。