比特币的下一个软叉出现了基层支持，围绕两个候选人：BIPS 119和348

基层支持两个比特币改进建议（BIP）似乎正在出现

Grassroots support for two bitcoin improvement proposals (BIP) appears to be emerging for Bitcoin's next soft fork, centered around two candidates: BIPs 119 and 348.

基层对两个比特币改进建议（BIP）的支持似乎正在为比特币的下一个软叉而出现，围绕两个候选人：BIPS 119和348。

This article first appeared on Blockspace Media, the leading Bitcoin industry publication dedicated to covering Bitcoin tech, markets, mining, and ordinals. Get Blockspace articles directly in your inbox by clicking here.

本文首先出现在Blockspace Media上，该媒体是领先的比特币行业出版物，致力于涵盖比特币技术，市场，采矿和序列。单击此处，直接在收件箱中获取Blockspace文章。

BIPs are the formal method for discussion of proposed changes to Bitcoin. Theoretically, if a BIP gains sufficient widespread support, it will be added to Bitcoin, by way of a soft fork or a routine update to Bitcoin Core. Often, these BIPs are referred to by nicknames and multiple proposals may be included in a soft fork. BIP 119 refers to OP_CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY (CTV) while BIP 348 refers to OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK (CSFS).

BIP是讨论提议更改比特币的形式方法。从理论上讲，如果BIP获得足够的广泛支持，则将通过软叉或对比特币核心的例行更新将其添加到比特币中。通常，这些BIP被昵称提到，并且可以包含多个建议。 BIP 119指的是OP_CHECKTEMPLATERATYIFY（CTV），而BIP 348指的是op_checksigfromstack（CSFS）。

Bitcoin's technical community typically debates these BIPs exhaustively. The Taproot Wizards–a Bitcoin development firm most well known for its Bitcoin NFTs–put out a helpful graphic explaining the confusing and seemingly circular process of these discussions.

比特币的技术社区通常会详尽地辩论这些BIP。 Taproot向导是一家以其比特币NFT为闻名的比特币开发公司，并提供了有用的图形，解释了这些讨论的混乱且看似循环的过程。

In short, the Bitcoin soft fork process requires a rough estimate of support from Bitcoin's stakeholders, including developers, custodians, investors and miners. The best proxy for this stakeholder support remains Bitcoin miners, who can flag support for an alteration to the codebase by signaling for changes in their mined blocks. Typically, Bitcoin Core asks for 95% of blocks over a period to signal for the change before locking in the update for activation.

简而言之，比特币软叉进程需要对比特币利益相关者（包括开发商，保管人，投资者和矿工）的支持进行粗略的估计。该利益相关者支持的最佳代理仍然是比特币矿工，他们可以通过信号来支持对代码库进行更改的支持。通常，比特币核心要求在一段时间内要求95％的块来发出更改的信号，然后再锁定更新以进行激活。

Still, there’s no definitive heuristic for defining what “widespread support” looks like, and Bitcoin consensus is a constantly evolving, moving target. Miners are useful for signalling a change only because they are a truly ‘countable’ entity on the Bitcoin network. In other words, it’s difficult to get a say of meat world consensus given Bitcoin's decentralized structure.

尽管如此，还没有确定“广泛支持”的样子的确定性，比特币共识是一个不断发展的动态目标。矿工仅是因为他们是比特币网络上真正的“可计数”实体而有用的。换句话说，鉴于比特币的分散结构，很难就肉类世界共识。

Over the course of February and March, we've registered a definite shift as numerous developers gave their explicit support for the two BIPs.

在2月和3月的整个过程中，由于许多开发人员对这两个BIPS提供了明确的支持，因此我们进行了明确的转变。

What’s in a proposal?

提案中有什么？

Over the course of the last few weeks, numerous Western Bitcoin developers tweeted their support for CTV and CSFS – a strong signal that at least the Twitterverse is coming together in favor of certain changes to Bitcoin.

在过去的几周中，许多西部比特币开发人员在推特上发布了对CTV和CSF的支持 - 强烈的信号表明，至少Twitterverse融合在一起，支持对比特币的某些变化。

CTV and CSFS allow new ways of writing Bitcoin script. Bitcoin script is Bitcoin's lower-level programming language used for, among other things, creating and sending transactions. Proposed by former Bitcoin core contributor Jeremy Rubin, CTV has been around for more than half a decade, whereas CSFS was only formalized in November 2024 by Jeremy Rubin and Brandon Black.

CTV和CSF允许编写比特币脚本的新方法。比特币脚本是比特币的低级编程语言，用于创建和发送交易。 CTV由前比特币核心贡献者杰里米·鲁宾（Jeremy Rubin）提出，已经存在了五年多，而CSFS仅在2024年11月由Jeremy Rubin和Brandon Black正式化。

These two BIPs would enable “covenants” on Bitcoin. A covenant simply restricts the way a wallet can spend bitcoin in future transactions. Covenants are generally expected to significantly improve the landscape for Bitcoin self-custody, fee management, and enhance existing Bitcoin tech like Lightning, Ark, and contract-based applications.

这两个BIP将在比特币上实现“盟约”。盟约只是限制了钱包可以在未来交易中花费比特币的方式。普遍期望盟约可以显着改善比特币自我顾客，费用管理的景观，并增强现有的比特币技术，例如闪电，方舟和基于合同的应用。

Additionally, developers consider these two proposals to be “narrowly defined.” In layman's terms, this means, if they are activated, there is a low probability of users exploiting them for something unexpected. The Bitcoin developer community tends to cautiously deliberate any changes to Bitcoin. For example, even though BIP 119 has remained unchanged for nearly half a decade, there was once a time not long ago when CTV was considered far too aggressive for activation.

此外，开发人员认为这两个建议是“狭义的定义”。用外行的话来说，这意味着，如果它们被激活，则用户借鉴了这些东西的可能性很小。比特币开发人员社区倾向于谨慎考虑对比特币的任何更改。例如，即使BIP 119一直保持不变已有近五年的历史，但不久前一次，CTV被认为太激进而无法激活。

A long time coming

很长时间

You may remember that Rubin’s previous campaign for CTV received strong pushback – notably from Bitcoiners with large followings, including Adam Back and Jimmy Song. The criticisms evolved into significant pushback from many in the bitcoin community, finally leading to Rubin taking a step back from Bitcoin all together.

您可能还记得，鲁宾之前针对CTV的竞选活动受到了强大的推动力 - 特别是来自具有大量追随者的比特币，包括Adam Back和Jimmy Song。批评从比特币社区中的许多人出发，最终导致鲁宾一起退后一步。

So what changed? Recent advocacy for the OP_CAT opcode (BIP 347) seems to have widened the Overton Window of acceptable Bitcoin proposals, framing CTV & CSFS as the comparatively “conservative” options. It’s important to note that most OP_CAT supporters are also in favor of BIPs 119 and 348 (and most proposals in general).

那么发生了什么变化呢？ OP_CAT OPCODE（BIP 347）的最新倡导似乎扩大了可接受的比特币建议的Overton窗口，将CTV＆CSF构建为相对的“保守”选项。重要的是要注意，大多数OP_CAT支持者也都支持BIPS 119和348（以及大多数建议）。

What can we expect next? For one, more conversation. Developers are expected to gather at a few technical conferences such as OPNEXT in April, BTC++ in July and TABConf in October. Once developers begin to form rough consensus, then the actual activation of the soft fork moves to the miners, community and investors.

接下来我们可以期待什么？一方面，更多的对话。预计开发人员将在4月的OPNEXT，7月的BTC ++和10月的TabConf举行一些技术会议上聚集。一旦开发人员开始建立粗糙的共识，那么软叉的实际激活就会移至矿工，社区和投资者。

However, there isn’t a formalized process for “how to soft fork Bitcoin.” So we’re left with a lot of open questions. For example, will a potential soft fork include just CTV and CSFS? Will OP_CAT – which is often included in this opcode suite – join the conversation? How will an actual soft fork activation happen? And will other stakeholders like Bitcoin miners take note?

但是，“如何软叉比特币”没有正式的过程。因此，我们遇到了很多开放的问题。例如，潜在的软叉是否仅包括CTV和CSF？ OP_CAT（通常包含在此OpCode Suite中）会加入对话吗？实际的软叉激活将如何发生？像比特币矿工这样的其他利益相关者会注意吗？

Only one thing is clear: you’re going to have to get comfortable with lots of abbreviations.

只有一件事很清楚：您将不得不对很多缩写感到满意。