以太坊的pectra升级：一个新时代，具有固定性，安全性和可扩展性

以太坊即将进行的网络升级Pectra正在加密社区中引起极大的兴奋。计划在以太坊主网上部署

Ethereum's highly anticipated network upgrade, Pectra, is generating immense excitement within the crypto community. Slated for deployment on the Ethereum mainnet in early April, Pectra promises to deliver substantial improvements in staking mechanics, security, and scalability.

以太坊备受期待的网络升级Pectra正在加密社区中引起极大的兴奋。 Pectra计划于4月初在以太坊主网上部署，Pectra承诺将在固定力学，安全性和可伸缩性方面进行实质性改进。

With the inclusion of eight Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs), it's expected to be the largest Ethereum upgrade to date. Let's dive into the key features of Pectra that have everyone talking.

随着八项以太坊改进建议（EIPS），预计将是迄今为止最大的以太坊升级。让我们深入研究pectra的关键特征，让每个人都在讲话。

A New Era for Ethereum Staking

以太坊的新时代

Ethereum staking has seen explosive growth in recent years, accounting for a significant portion of ETH's circulating supply. The Pectra upgrade introduces major changes to Ethereum's staking model, aimed at improving both flexibility and scalability.

近年来，以太坊的积分爆炸性增长，这占ETH循环供应的很大一部分。 Pectra升级引入了以太坊的静止模型的重大变化，旨在提高灵活性和可扩展性。

Currently, Ethereum requires validators to stake 32 ETH per node. While this threshold has contributed to network decentralization, it has also created inefficiencies, particularly for large-scale operators. Pectra revises these staking limits, allowing validators to consolidate their ETH stakes across fewer nodes — up to 2048 ETH per node. This change benefits both smaller and larger participants in the staking ecosystem, reducing complexity for new validators while enabling large-scale operators to manage their resources more efficiently.

目前，以太坊要求验证器每个节点32 ETH股权。尽管该阈值有助于网络权力下放，但它也造成了效率低下的效率，尤其是对于大型运营商而言。 Pectra修改了这些放入限制，从而使验证者能够在更少的节点中巩固其ETH赌注 - 每个节点可达2048 ETH。这种变化受益于饲养生态系统中越来越大的参与者，从而降低了新验证者的复杂性，同时使大规模运营商能够更有效地管理其资源。

Highlighting the potential for increased profitability under Pectra, staking platform P2P.org has announced the introduction of auto-compounding features. According to their analysis, validators could earn an additional $1,000 annually through auto-compounding.

Staking Platform P2P.org强调了提高盈利能力的潜力，宣布引入自动化合物功能。根据他们的分析，验证者每年可以通过自动化合物获得额外的1,000美元。

However, it's important to note that auto-compounding only works on validators holding less than the 2048 ETH limit, prompting P2P.org to implement a cap on balances to avoid exceeding the threshold. These changes, while beneficial, are complex, and staking services that specialize in Ethereum staking will likely become more essential for validators looking to navigate the intricacies of the upgrade.

但是，重要的是要注意，自动化合物仅适用于持有少于2048 ETH限制的验证器，促使p2p.org实现余额的上限，以避免超过阈值。这些变化虽然有益，但却是复杂的，并且专门从事以太坊堆积的堆积服务对于希望导航升级的复杂性的验证者可能会变得更加必不可少。

Strengthening Network Security

加强网络安全

In addition to the changes to staking, Pectra places a heavy emphasis on improving Ethereum's security. A key feature is the optimization of slashing penalties, which penalize malicious or underperforming validators. Pectra introduces dynamic penalties, with repeat offenders facing harsher fines, encouraging validators to maintain consistent performance.

除了变化，Pectra还强调提高以太坊的安全性。一个关键功能是优化削减惩罚，这会惩罚恶意或表现不佳的验证者。 Pectra引入了动态处罚，重复犯罪者面临更严厉的罚款，鼓励验证者保持稳定的绩效。

The upgrade also incorporates zk-proofs, providing privacy-enhanced monitoring that can detect malicious activities without compromising validator confidentiality. This ensures that the network remains secure while reducing the risk of accidental slashing for honest validators.

该升级还包含了ZK-PROFFARES，提供​​了具有隐私增强的监视，可以检测恶意活动而不会损害验证器机密性。这样可以确保网络保持安全，同时降低了诚实验证者意外削减的风险。

Scalability: Ethereum's Path Forward

可伸缩性：以太坊的前进道路

Scalability is another crucial area Pectra seeks to address. The upgrade introduces PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), a mechanism that allows nodes to verify transaction data without needing to store the full dataset. This reduces memory overhead and accelerates block validation, improving Ethereum's overall throughput.

可伸缩性是Pectra寻求解决的另一个关键领域。升级引入PEERDAS（PEER数据可用性采样），该机制允许节点验证交易数据而无需存储完整数据集。这样可以减少内存开销并加速块验证，从而改善以太坊的总体吞吐量。

Perhaps the most exciting scalability feature is the introduction of Verkle Trees — a new data structure that streamlines how Ethereum's node data is stored and validated. By reducing storage requirements and improving computational efficiency, Verkle Trees enhance Ethereum's capacity to scale, benefiting not just the base layer, but also off-chain solutions such as rollups, enabling faster and cheaper transactions.

也许最令人兴奋的可伸缩性功能是引入Verkle树 - 一种新的数据结构，可以简化以太坊的节点数据的存储和验证。通过降低存储要求并提高计算效率，Verkle Trees增强了以太坊的扩展能力，不仅使基础层受益，还使诸如汇总的链链解决方案（例如汇总）受益，从而使交易更快，更便宜。

Account Abstraction: Revolutionizing User Experience

帐户抽象：革新用户体验

Another standout feature of Pectra is account abstraction, which promises to improve the user experience. With account abstraction, users can pay gas fees in tokens other than ETH, making Ethereum more accessible and versatile. This flexibility could further fuel the adoption of Ethereum-based applications, particularly those in decentralized finance (DeFi) and other sectors.

Pectra的另一个出色功能是Account Actraction，它有望改善用户体验。通过账户抽象，用户可以在ETH以外的其他代币中支付汽油费，从而使以太坊更容易访问和通用。这种灵活性可以进一步推动采用以太坊基于以太坊的应用，尤其是那些分散融资（DEFI）和其他部门的应用程序。

As Pectra nears its April deployment, the Ethereum community is eagerly anticipating the impact of these groundbreaking updates.

随着Pectra接近4月的部署，以太坊社区急切地期待着这些开创性更新的影响。