以太坊的pectra升級：一個新時代，具有固定性，安全性和可擴展性

以太坊即將進行的網絡升級Pectra正在加密社區中引起極大的興奮。計劃在以太坊主網上部署

Ethereum's highly anticipated network upgrade, Pectra, is generating immense excitement within the crypto community. Slated for deployment on the Ethereum mainnet in early April, Pectra promises to deliver substantial improvements in staking mechanics, security, and scalability.

以太坊備受期待的網絡升級Pectra正在加密社區中引起極大的興奮。 Pectra計劃於4月初在以太坊主網上部署，Pectra承諾將在固定力學，安全性和可伸縮性方面進行實質性改進。

With the inclusion of eight Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs), it's expected to be the largest Ethereum upgrade to date. Let's dive into the key features of Pectra that have everyone talking.

隨著八項以太坊改進建議（EIPS），預計將是迄今為止最大的以太坊升級。讓我們深入研究pectra的關鍵特徵，讓每個人都在講話。

A New Era for Ethereum Staking

以太坊的新時代

Ethereum staking has seen explosive growth in recent years, accounting for a significant portion of ETH's circulating supply. The Pectra upgrade introduces major changes to Ethereum's staking model, aimed at improving both flexibility and scalability.

近年來，以太坊的積分爆炸性增長，這佔ETH循環供應的很大一部分。 Pectra升級引入了以太坊的靜止模型的重大變化，旨在提高靈活性和可擴展性。

Currently, Ethereum requires validators to stake 32 ETH per node. While this threshold has contributed to network decentralization, it has also created inefficiencies, particularly for large-scale operators. Pectra revises these staking limits, allowing validators to consolidate their ETH stakes across fewer nodes — up to 2048 ETH per node. This change benefits both smaller and larger participants in the staking ecosystem, reducing complexity for new validators while enabling large-scale operators to manage their resources more efficiently.

目前，以太坊要求驗證器每個節點32 ETH股權。儘管該閾值有助於網絡權力下放，但它也造成了效率低下的效率，尤其是對於大型運營商而言。 Pectra修改了這些放入限制，從而使驗證者能夠在更少的節點中鞏固其ETH賭注 - 每個節點可達2048 ETH。這種變化受益於飼養生態系統中越來越大的參與者，從而降低了新驗證者的複雜性，同時使大規模運營商能夠更有效地管理其資源。

Highlighting the potential for increased profitability under Pectra, staking platform P2P.org has announced the introduction of auto-compounding features. According to their analysis, validators could earn an additional $1,000 annually through auto-compounding.

Staking Platform P2P.org強調了提高盈利能力的潛力，宣布引入自動化合物功能。根據他們的分析，驗證者每年可以通過自動化合物獲得額外的1,000美元。

However, it's important to note that auto-compounding only works on validators holding less than the 2048 ETH limit, prompting P2P.org to implement a cap on balances to avoid exceeding the threshold. These changes, while beneficial, are complex, and staking services that specialize in Ethereum staking will likely become more essential for validators looking to navigate the intricacies of the upgrade.

但是，重要的是要注意，自動化合物僅適用於持有少於2048 ETH限制的驗證器，促使p2p.org實現餘額的上限，以避免超過閾值。這些變化雖然有益，但卻是複雜的，並且專門從事以太坊堆積的堆積服務對於希望導航升級的複雜性的驗證者可能會變得更加必不可少。

Strengthening Network Security

加強網絡安全

In addition to the changes to staking, Pectra places a heavy emphasis on improving Ethereum's security. A key feature is the optimization of slashing penalties, which penalize malicious or underperforming validators. Pectra introduces dynamic penalties, with repeat offenders facing harsher fines, encouraging validators to maintain consistent performance.

除了變化，Pectra還強調提高以太坊的安全性。一個關鍵功能是優化削減懲罰，這會懲罰惡意或表現不佳的驗證者。 Pectra引入了動態處罰，重複犯罪者面臨更嚴厲的罰款，鼓勵驗證者保持穩定的績效。

The upgrade also incorporates zk-proofs, providing privacy-enhanced monitoring that can detect malicious activities without compromising validator confidentiality. This ensures that the network remains secure while reducing the risk of accidental slashing for honest validators.

該升級還包含了ZK-PROFFARES，提供​​了具有隱私增強的監視，可以檢測惡意活動而不會損害驗證器機密性。這樣可以確保網絡保持安全，同時降低了誠實驗證者意外削減的風險。

Scalability: Ethereum's Path Forward

可伸縮性：以太坊的前進道路

Scalability is another crucial area Pectra seeks to address. The upgrade introduces PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), a mechanism that allows nodes to verify transaction data without needing to store the full dataset. This reduces memory overhead and accelerates block validation, improving Ethereum's overall throughput.

可伸縮性是Pectra尋求解決的另一個關鍵領域。升級引入PEERDAS（PEER數據可用性採樣），該機制允許節點驗證交易數據而無需存儲完整數據集。這樣可以減少內存開銷並加速塊驗證，從而改善以太坊的總體吞吐量。

Perhaps the most exciting scalability feature is the introduction of Verkle Trees — a new data structure that streamlines how Ethereum's node data is stored and validated. By reducing storage requirements and improving computational efficiency, Verkle Trees enhance Ethereum's capacity to scale, benefiting not just the base layer, but also off-chain solutions such as rollups, enabling faster and cheaper transactions.

也許最令人興奮的可伸縮性功能是引入Verkle樹 - 一種新的數據結構，可以簡化以太坊的節點數據的存儲和驗證。通過降低存儲要求並提高計算效率，Verkle Trees增強了以太坊的擴展能力，不僅使基礎層受益，還使諸如匯總的鍊鍊解決方案（例如匯總）受益，從而使交易更快，更便宜。

Account Abstraction: Revolutionizing User Experience

帳戶抽象：革新用戶體驗

Another standout feature of Pectra is account abstraction, which promises to improve the user experience. With account abstraction, users can pay gas fees in tokens other than ETH, making Ethereum more accessible and versatile. This flexibility could further fuel the adoption of Ethereum-based applications, particularly those in decentralized finance (DeFi) and other sectors.

Pectra的另一個出色功能是Account Actraction，它有望改善用戶體驗。通過賬戶抽象，用戶可以在ETH以外的其他代幣中支付汽油費，從而使以太坊更容易訪問和通用。這種靈活性可以進一步推動採用以太坊基於以太坊的應用，尤其是那些分散融資（DEFI）和其他部門的應用程序。

As Pectra nears its April deployment, the Ethereum community is eagerly anticipating the impact of these groundbreaking updates.

隨著Pectra接近4月的部署，以太坊社區急切地期待著這些開創性更新的影響。