以太坊：分散应用和智能合约的领先平台

以太坊（Ethereum）是比特币仅次于市值的第二大加密货币，并且是分散应用程序（DAPP）和智能合约的领先区块链平台。

Ethereum is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, after Bitcoin, and is the leading blockchain platform for decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. Launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin and a group of co-founders, Ethereum revolutionized the blockchain space by introducing a platform that goes beyond simply being a cryptocurrency. It is a decentralized, open-source platform that enables developers to build, deploy, and interact with decentralized applications using blockchain technology.

以太坊（Ethereum）是比特币仅次于市值的第二大加密货币，并且是分散应用程序（DAPP）和智能合约的领先区块链平台。 Ethereum于2015年由Vitalik Buterin和一群联合创始人推出，通过引入一个平台不仅仅是一个加密货币，从而彻底改变了区块链空间。它是一个分散的开源平台，使开发人员能够使用区块链技术构建，部署和与分散的应用程序进行互动。

Ethereum has become the backbone of the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and countless other innovative use cases. By enabling smart contracts, Ethereum has empowered a new wave of applications that aim to disrupt traditional industries like finance, gaming, real estate, and supply chain management.

以太坊已成为分散金融（DEFI）生态系统，无牙代币（NFT）和无数其他创新用例的支柱。通过启用智能合约，以太坊赋予了新的应用程序，旨在破坏诸如金融，游戏，房地产和供应链管理等传统行业。

At its core, Ethereum is a blockchain network that allows for the creation of decentralized applications and smart contracts. Unlike Bitcoin, which is primarily used as a store of value and a digital currency, Ethereum’s platform is designed to be much more versatile. Ethereum enables developers to write smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code.

以太坊的核心是一个区块链网络，可以创建分散的应用程序和智能合约。与比特币主要用作价值和数字货币的比特币不同，以太坊的平台设计为更具用途。以太坊使开发人员能够撰写智能合约，这些合同是由直接写入代码行的协议条款的自我执行合同。

Smart contracts automatically execute actions when predefined conditions are met. This eliminates the need for intermediaries and reduces the risk of fraud or manipulation. For example, in a smart contract for a loan agreement, the contract would automatically release the funds once both parties meet the agreed-upon terms. Ethereum’s ability to facilitate these types of decentralized agreements has made it a cornerstone of the growing DeFi sector.

当满足预定义条件时，智能合约会自动执行操作。这消除了对中介的需求，并减少了欺诈或操纵的风险。例如，在签订贷款协议的智能合同中，一旦双方符合约定的条款，合同将自动释放资金。以太坊促进这些类型的分散协议的能力使其成为不断增长的偏爱部门的基石。

Ether (ETH) is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network. While Bitcoin is often referred to as a digital gold equivalent, Ether plays a slightly different role. Ether is used primarily as “gas” within the Ethereum network. When developers or users interact with Ethereum’s blockchain, they must pay transaction fees in Ether, which compensates the miners for validating transactions and securing the network.

Ether（ETH）是以太坊网络的本地加密货币。虽然比特币通常被称为数字黄金同等用品，但以太币的作用略有不同。以太坊网络中主要用作“气体”。当开发人员或用户与以太坊的区块链互动时，他们必须在以太币中支付交易费用，这为矿工提供了验证交易并确保网络的赔偿。

Ether also acts as a store of value and is often used as collateral in decentralized finance applications, as well as a medium of exchange for various goods and services. The price of Ether, like Bitcoin, is highly volatile, but it has gained widespread adoption as a critical component of the decentralized ecosystem.

以太还充当价值存储，通常用作分散的财务应用中的抵押品，以及一种交换各种商品和服务的媒介。像比特币一样，以太的价格高度波动，但它已广泛采用，作为分散生态系统的关键组成部分。

One of Ethereum’s most important innovations is the introduction of smart contracts. Smart contracts allow individuals and businesses to create self-executing agreements that are stored on the blockchain. These contracts automatically enforce the terms without relying on intermediaries, such as banks or legal institutions.

以太坊最重要的创新之一是引入智能合约。智能合约允许个人和企业创建存储在区块链上的自我执行协议。这些合同会自动执行该条款，而无需依靠中介机构，例如银行或法律机构。

Smart contracts have opened the door for decentralized applications, or dApps, which are applications that run on the Ethereum blockchain rather than on centralized servers. dApps can range from financial services (like lending and borrowing platforms) to games, marketplaces, and social networks. They are transparent, censorship-resistant, and trustless, meaning users do not need to trust a central authority to use these services.

智能合约为分散应用程序或DAPP开辟了大门，这些应用程序是在以太坊区块链而不是集中式服务器上运行的应用程序。 DAPP可以从金融服务（例如贷款和借贷平台）到游戏，市场和社交网络。它们是透明的，抗审查的且无信任的，这意味着用户不需要信任中央权力来使用这些服务。

Ethereum’s flexibility allows for the creation of custom tokens, decentralized exchanges, and other financial products, making it the preferred platform for the DeFi movement. DeFi platforms aim to provide traditional financial services such as lending, borrowing, insurance, and trading but without intermediaries, often with lower fees and greater accessibility.

以太坊的灵活性允许创建自定义令牌，分散交流和其他金融产品，使其成为Fefi运动的首选平台。 DEFI平台旨在提供传统的金融服务，例如贷款，借贷，保险和交易，但没有中介机构，通常费用较低，可访问性更高。

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to the movement that uses blockchain technology to offer financial services outside of traditional financial institutions. Ethereum is the dominant blockchain powering DeFi applications. Through Ethereum’s smart contract capabilities, users can access decentralized exchanges (DEXs), lending platforms, synthetic assets, and more.

分散的金融（DEFI）是指使用区块链技术在传统金融机构之外提供金融服务的运动。以太坊是主要的区块链动力DEFI应用。通过以太坊的智能合同功能，用户可以访问分散的交易所（DEX），贷款平台，合成资产等。

DeFi platforms have seen massive growth in recent years, with billions of dollars locked in various protocols. One notable example is Uniswap, a decentralized exchange that allows users to trade tokens directly from their wallets without the need for a centralized intermediary. Similarly, platforms like Compound and Aave enable users to lend and borrow cryptocurrencies using Ethereum-powered smart contracts.

近年来，Defi平台的增长巨大，数十亿美元锁定了各种协议。一个值得注意的例子是Uniswap，这是一种分散的交易所，允许用户直接从钱包中交易代币而无需集中式中介机构。同样，诸如化合物和AAVE之类的平台使用户可以使用以太坊驱动的智能合约借出和借用加密货币。

Ethereum is also at the heart of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) boom. NFTs are unique digital assets that represent ownership or proof of authenticity of a digital item, such as artwork, music, or even virtual real estate. Ethereum’s ERC-721 and ERC-1155 token standards provide a framework for the creation and trading of NFTs. As the most widely used blockchain for NFTs, Ethereum has become the go-to platform for artists, creators, and collectors, driving significant cultural and financial value in the NFT space.

以太坊也是不可杀菌令牌（NFT）繁荣的核心。 NFT是独特的数字资产，代表数字商品的真实性（例如艺术品，音乐甚至虚拟房地产）的真实性。以太坊的ERC-721和ERC-1155代币标准为NFT的创建和交易提供了一个框架。作为NFTS最广泛使用的区块链，以太坊已成为艺术家，创作者和收藏家的首选平台，在NFT领域推动了巨大的文化和财务价值。

Ethereum’s ability to scale and remain efficient has been a topic of concern, especially as the network has faced congestion and high gas fees due to increased demand. To address these issues, Ethereum is undergoing a significant upgrade called Ethereum 2.0, which will transition the network from a Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism to Proof-of-Stake (PoS).

以太坊的扩展能力和保持高效的能力一直是一个令人关注的话题，尤其是由于需求增加，该网络面临拥挤和高气费。为了解决这些问题，以太坊正在进行一个称为以太坊2.0的重大升级，该升级将从工作证明（POW）共识机制转变为股份证明（POS）（POS）。

Under PoW, miners compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate transactions and secure the network, However, this process is energy-intensive and can lead to scalability challenges. Ethereum 2.0 aims to solve these issues by implementing PoS,

在POW下，矿工竞争以解决复杂的数学难题来验证交易并确保网络，但是，此过程是能源密集型的，可能会带来可伸缩性的挑战。以太坊2.0旨在通过实施POS来解决这些问题