以太坊：分散應用和智能合約的領先平台

以太坊（Ethereum）是比特幣僅次於市值的第二大加密貨幣，並且是分散應用程序（DAPP）和智能合約的領先區塊鏈平台。

Ethereum is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, after Bitcoin, and is the leading blockchain platform for decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. Launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin and a group of co-founders, Ethereum revolutionized the blockchain space by introducing a platform that goes beyond simply being a cryptocurrency. It is a decentralized, open-source platform that enables developers to build, deploy, and interact with decentralized applications using blockchain technology.

以太坊（Ethereum）是比特幣僅次於市值的第二大加密貨幣，並且是分散應用程序（DAPP）和智能合約的領先區塊鏈平台。 Ethereum於2015年由Vitalik Buterin和一群聯合創始人推出，通過引入一個平台不僅僅是一個加密貨幣，從而徹底改變了區塊鏈空間。它是一個分散的開源平台，使開發人員能夠使用區塊鏈技術構建，部署和與分散的應用程序進行交互。

Ethereum has become the backbone of the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ecosystem, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and countless other innovative use cases. By enabling smart contracts, Ethereum has empowered a new wave of applications that aim to disrupt traditional industries like finance, gaming, real estate, and supply chain management.

以太坊已成為分散金融（DEFI）生態系統，無牙代幣（NFT）和無數其他創新用例的支柱。通過啟用智能合約，以太坊賦予了新的應用程序，旨在破壞諸如金融，遊戲，房地產和供應鏈管理等傳統行業。

At its core, Ethereum is a blockchain network that allows for the creation of decentralized applications and smart contracts. Unlike Bitcoin, which is primarily used as a store of value and a digital currency, Ethereum’s platform is designed to be much more versatile. Ethereum enables developers to write smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code.

以太坊的核心是一個區塊鍊網絡，可以創建分散的應用程序和智能合約。與比特幣主要用作價值和數字貨幣的比特幣不同，以太坊的平台設計為更具用途。以太坊使開發人員能夠撰寫智能合約，這些合同是由直接寫入代碼行的協議條款的自我執行合同。

Smart contracts automatically execute actions when predefined conditions are met. This eliminates the need for intermediaries and reduces the risk of fraud or manipulation. For example, in a smart contract for a loan agreement, the contract would automatically release the funds once both parties meet the agreed-upon terms. Ethereum’s ability to facilitate these types of decentralized agreements has made it a cornerstone of the growing DeFi sector.

當滿足預定義條件時，智能合約會自動執行操作。這消除了對中介的需求，並減少了欺詐或操縱的風險。例如，在簽訂貸款協議的智能合同中，一旦雙方符合約定的條款，合同將自動釋放資金。以太坊促進這些類型的分散協議的能力使其成為不斷增長的偏愛部門的基石。

Ether (ETH) is the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network. While Bitcoin is often referred to as a digital gold equivalent, Ether plays a slightly different role. Ether is used primarily as “gas” within the Ethereum network. When developers or users interact with Ethereum’s blockchain, they must pay transaction fees in Ether, which compensates the miners for validating transactions and securing the network.

Ether（ETH）是以太坊網絡的本地加密貨幣。雖然比特幣通常被稱為數字黃金同等用品，但以太幣的作用略有不同。以太坊網絡中主要用作“氣體”。當開發人員或用戶與以太坊的區塊鏈互動時，他們必須在以太幣中支付交易費用，這為礦工提供了驗證交易並確保網絡的賠償。

Ether also acts as a store of value and is often used as collateral in decentralized finance applications, as well as a medium of exchange for various goods and services. The price of Ether, like Bitcoin, is highly volatile, but it has gained widespread adoption as a critical component of the decentralized ecosystem.

以太還充當價值存儲，通常用作分散的財務應用中的抵押品，以及一種交換各種商品和服務的媒介。像比特幣一樣，以太的價格高度波動，但它已廣泛採用，作為分散生態系統的關鍵組成部分。

One of Ethereum’s most important innovations is the introduction of smart contracts. Smart contracts allow individuals and businesses to create self-executing agreements that are stored on the blockchain. These contracts automatically enforce the terms without relying on intermediaries, such as banks or legal institutions.

以太坊最重要的創新之一是引入智能合約。智能合約允許個人和企業創建存儲在區塊鏈上的自我執行協議。這些合同會自動執行該條款，而無需依靠中介機構，例如銀行或法律機構。

Smart contracts have opened the door for decentralized applications, or dApps, which are applications that run on the Ethereum blockchain rather than on centralized servers. dApps can range from financial services (like lending and borrowing platforms) to games, marketplaces, and social networks. They are transparent, censorship-resistant, and trustless, meaning users do not need to trust a central authority to use these services.

智能合約為分散應用程序或DAPP開闢了大門，這些應用程序是在以太坊區塊鏈而不是集中式服務器上運行的應用程序。 DAPP可以從金融服務（例如貸款和借貸平台）到遊戲，市場和社交網絡。它們是透明的，抗審查的且無信任的，這意味著用戶不需要信任中央權力來使用這些服務。

Ethereum’s flexibility allows for the creation of custom tokens, decentralized exchanges, and other financial products, making it the preferred platform for the DeFi movement. DeFi platforms aim to provide traditional financial services such as lending, borrowing, insurance, and trading but without intermediaries, often with lower fees and greater accessibility.

以太坊的靈活性允許創建自定義令牌，分散交流和其他金融產品，使其成為Fefi運動的首選平台。 DEFI平台旨在提供傳統的金融服務，例如貸款，借貸，保險和交易，但沒有中介機構，通常費用較低，可訪問性更高。

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to the movement that uses blockchain technology to offer financial services outside of traditional financial institutions. Ethereum is the dominant blockchain powering DeFi applications. Through Ethereum’s smart contract capabilities, users can access decentralized exchanges (DEXs), lending platforms, synthetic assets, and more.

分散的金融（DEFI）是指使用區塊鏈技術在傳統金融機構之外提供金融服務的運動。以太坊是主要的區塊鏈動力DEFI應用。通過以太坊的智能合同功能，用戶可以訪問分散的交易所（DEX），貸款平台，合成資產等。

DeFi platforms have seen massive growth in recent years, with billions of dollars locked in various protocols. One notable example is Uniswap, a decentralized exchange that allows users to trade tokens directly from their wallets without the need for a centralized intermediary. Similarly, platforms like Compound and Aave enable users to lend and borrow cryptocurrencies using Ethereum-powered smart contracts.

近年來，Defi平台的增長巨大，數十億美元鎖定了各種協議。一個值得注意的例子是Uniswap，這是一種分散的交易所，允許用戶直接從錢包中交易代幣而無需集中式中介機構。同樣，諸如化合物和AAVE之類的平台使用戶可以使用以太坊驅動的智能合約借出和借用加密貨幣。

Ethereum is also at the heart of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) boom. NFTs are unique digital assets that represent ownership or proof of authenticity of a digital item, such as artwork, music, or even virtual real estate. Ethereum’s ERC-721 and ERC-1155 token standards provide a framework for the creation and trading of NFTs. As the most widely used blockchain for NFTs, Ethereum has become the go-to platform for artists, creators, and collectors, driving significant cultural and financial value in the NFT space.

以太坊也是不可殺菌令牌（NFT）繁榮的核心。 NFT是獨特的數字資產，代表數字商品的真實性（例如藝術品，音樂甚至虛擬房地產）的真實性。以太坊的ERC-721和ERC-1155代幣標準為NFT的創建和交易提供了一個框架。作為NFTS最廣泛使用的區塊鏈，以太坊已成為藝術家，創作者和收藏家的首選平台，在NFT領域推動了巨大的文化和財務價值。

Ethereum’s ability to scale and remain efficient has been a topic of concern, especially as the network has faced congestion and high gas fees due to increased demand. To address these issues, Ethereum is undergoing a significant upgrade called Ethereum 2.0, which will transition the network from a Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism to Proof-of-Stake (PoS).

以太坊的擴展能力和保持高效的能力一直是一個令人關注的話題，尤其是由於需求增加，該網絡面臨擁擠和高氣費。為了解決這些問題，以太坊正在進行一個稱為以太坊2.0的重大升級，該升級將從工作證明（POW）共識機制轉變為股份證明（POS）（POS）。

Under PoW, miners compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate transactions and secure the network, However, this process is energy-intensive and can lead to scalability challenges. Ethereum 2.0 aims to solve these issues by implementing PoS,

在POW下，礦工競爭以解決複雜的數學難題來驗證交易並確保網絡，但是，此過程是能源密集型的，可能會帶來可伸縮性的挑戰。以太坊2.0旨在通過實施POS來解決這些問題