以太坊的 Dencun 升级预示着“Blobband”时代，释放了可扩展性并削减了费用

以太坊的 Dencun 升级是“Deneb”和“Cancun”的混合体，引入了链下数据 blob 以提高可扩展性。 Blob 允许 Optimism、Base、Arbitrum 和 zkSync 等第 2 层 (L2) 解决方案在链外存储数据，从而显着降低这些网络上的交易费用。此次升级还包括其他八个 EIP，可增强网络功能，例如改进以太坊执行层和共识层之间的通信以及 Uniswap 版本 4 的临时存储。Proto-Danksharding 是 Dencun 升级的关键组件，通过删除大量数据来解决数据可用性问题从区块链到 blob。这使得 L2 能够在不产生过高存储成本的情况下扩展执行规模，从而使 L2 解决方案的交易成本预计降低 90%。

Ethereum's Dencun Upgrade: Ushering in the 'Blobband' Era for Enhanced Scalability and Reduced Fees

以太坊Dencun升级：迎来“Blobband”时代，增强可扩展性并降低费用

Ethereum, the pioneering blockchain platform renowned for its focus on scalability, security, and decentralization, has been facing a surge in user adoption. This growth has exerted pressure on the network, leading to increased gas fees and highlighting scalability limitations.

以太坊是领先的区块链平台，以其对可扩展性、安全性和去中心化的关注而闻名，一直面临着用户采用率的激增。这种增长给网络带来了压力，导致天然气费用增加并凸显了可扩展性限制。

To address these challenges, Ethereum developers have introduced a suite of upgrades, culminating in the Dencun update of March 13, 2024. This significant upgrade incorporates proto-danksharding, facilitated by EIP-4844, which introduces off-chain "data-blobs." These blobs dramatically reduce the cost of storing transaction data, primarily benefiting Layer 2 (L2) networks.

为了应对这些挑战，以太坊开发人员推出了一系列升级，最终于 2024 年 3 月 13 日进行了 Dencun 更新。这一重大升级包含了由 EIP-4844 推动的原始 danksharding，它引入了链下“数据块”。这些 blob 极大地降低了存储交易数据的成本，主要有利于第 2 层 (L2) 网络。

The Dencun Effect: A Surge in Scalability, a Drop in Fees

Dencun 效应：可扩展性激增，费用下降

The Dencun upgrade, combining elements from the Cancun and Deneb updates, has invigorated Ethereum's scalability and efficiency. Data from popular L2 solutions reveals substantial reductions in average transaction fees. Optimism's fees plummeted to $0.05, Base to $0.064, Arbitrum to $0.5, and zkSync Era to $0.16.

Dencun 升级结合了 Cancun 和 Deneb 更新的元素，增强了以太坊的可扩展性和效率。来自流行 L2 解决方案的数据显示平均交易费用大幅降低。 Optimism 的费用暴跌至 0.05 美元，Base 跌至 0.064 美元，Arbitrum 跌至 0.5 美元，zkSync Era 跌至 0.16 美元。

The Power of Blobs: Reducing Data Storage Costs

Blob 的力量：降低数据存储成本

Proto-danksharding introduces Binary Large Objects (blobs), allowing for the attachment of sizable data chunks to standard transactions. Unlike conventional call data, blobs store data off-chain, becoming inaccessible after three weeks. This innovation significantly reduces the cost of storing transaction data for L2 rollups.

Proto-danksharding 引入了二进制大型对象（blob），允许将相当大的数据块附加到标准事务中。与传统的调用数据不同，blob 将数据存储在链外，三周后将无法访问。这项创新显着降低了存储 L2 汇总事务数据的成本。

Rollups, which process transactions off the Ethereum main chain and consolidate them into one transaction before submission, have embraced the use of blobs. By storing data in blobs instead of costly call data, they can significantly reduce transaction processing expenses.

Rollups 可以处理以太坊主链上的交易，并在提交之前将它们合并为一笔交易，它已经采用了 blob 的使用。通过将数据存储在 blob 中而不是昂贵的调用数据中，它们可以显着降低事务处理费用。

The Blob Effect: Making Rollups More Accessible

斑点效应：使汇总更易于访问

The introduction of blobs has garnered widespread support, with industry experts predicting a potential 90% decrease in transaction costs on L2 solutions. Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum's co-founder, estimates that a 125 kb of call data, which currently costs around 0.06 ETH ($222), could be reduced to 0.001 ETH ($3.7) with the use of blobs.

Blob 的引入获得了广泛的支持，行业专家预测 L2 解决方案的交易成本可能会降低 90%。以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 估计，125 kb 的通话数据目前的成本约为 0.06 ETH（222 美元），而使用 blob 可以将其减少至 0.001 ETH（3.7 美元）。

Beyond Rollups: Potential Benefits for Mainnet

超越汇总：主网的潜在好处

While the Dencun upgrade primarily targets L2 rollups, it could also contribute to fee reduction on the Ethereum mainnet. As L2s alleviate some of the transaction load from the mainnet, congestion should decrease, resulting in lower gas fees for mainnet transactions.

虽然 Dencun 升级主要针对 L2 汇总，但它也可能有助于降低以太坊主网上的费用。随着 L2 减轻了主网的部分交易负载，拥塞应该会减少，从而导致主网交易的 Gas 费用降低。

The 'Blobband' Era: A Paradigm Shift in Ethereum's Evolution

“Blobband”时代：以太坊演化的范式转变

The introduction of blobs parallels the evolution of the World Wide Web from its sluggish dial-up days to the high-speed broadband era. Blobs address the persistent issue of data availability, allowing Ethereum to scale execution and data availability separately.

blob 的引入与万维网从缓慢的拨号时代向高速宽带时代的演变并行。 Blob 解决了长期存在的数据可用性问题，使以太坊能够分别扩展执行和数据可用性。

Similar to broadband's revolution of the internet, blobs are poised to revolutionize Ethereum by enhancing data availability. Instead of storing transaction data indefinitely on every node, rollups using proto-danksharding can reference data stored in blobs, reducing storage costs and improving scalability.

与互联网的宽带革命类似，blob 准备通过增强数据可用性来彻底改变以太坊。使用原始 danksharding 的汇总可以引用存储在 blob 中的数据，从而降低存储成本并提高可扩展性，而不是在每个节点上无限期地存储事务数据。

How Blobs Keep Ethereum's Traffic Moving

Blob 如何保持以太坊的流量流动

Blobs can be likened to high-speed buses for Ethereum's data, efficiently transporting large volumes across the network. They keep the main network free for everyday transactions and smart contract executions, preventing congestion and ensuring smoother operations.

Blob 可以比作以太坊数据的高速总线，可以在网络上有效地传输大量数据。它们使主网络能够自由进行日常交易和智能合约执行，防止拥塞并确保运营更加顺畅。

Benefits for Developers, Users, and Validators

对开发者、用户和验证者的好处

The Dencun upgrade and blob implementation empower developers to create more intricate smart contracts without prohibitive gas costs. Users enjoy reduced fees, increasing accessibility of L2-based applications. Validators benefit from optimized disk space usage, as blobs are pruned after approximately two weeks.

Dencun 升级和 blob 实施使开发人员能够创建更复杂的智能合约，而无需高昂的 Gas 成本。用户可享受更低的费用，提高基于 L2 的应用程序的可访问性。验证器受益于优化的磁盘空间使用，因为 blob 会在大约两周后被修剪。

Blob Pricing Dynamics: A New Market for Data

Blob 定价动态：数据的新市场

EIP-4844 introduces a new fee marketplace for blobs, decoupled from the main Ethereum fee structure. This ensures that blob fees remain low even during periods of network congestion. However, it adds a layer of complexity for L2 operators, who must choose the most cost-effective fee mechanism based on prevailing network conditions.

EIP-4844 引入了一个新的 blob 费用市场，与主要的以太坊费用结构脱钩。这确保了即使在网络拥塞期间，blob 费用也保持在较低水平。然而，这给二级运营商增加了一层复杂性，他们必须根据当前的网络条件选择最具成本效益的收费机制。

Conclusion: A Giant Leap for Ethereum

结论：以太坊的巨大飞跃

The Dencun update, bringing together the Cancun and Deneb upgrades, is the most significant Ethereum update since the Shapella upgrade in April 2023, which enabled the unstaking of Ether from the Beacon Chain. EIP-4844 is a major stride in Ethereum's pursuit of scalability and reduced transaction costs, significantly enhancing the user experience and making dApps more accessible.

Dencun 更新汇集了 Cancun 和 Deneb 升级，是自 2023 年 4 月 Shapella 升级以来最重要的以太坊更新，该升级使得以太坊能够从信标链中解除质押。 EIP-4844 是以太坊追求可扩展性和降低交易成本的一大进步，显着增强了用户体验并使 dApp 更易于访问。

As blobs gain traction, Ethereum should witness reduced congestion, freeing up space for other transactions. This transition marks a shift away from storing a complete record of all data, but introduces a new era of efficiency and scalability for the Ethereum ecosystem.

随着 blob 越来越受欢迎，以太坊应该会减少拥塞，为其他交易腾出空间。这一转变标志着不再存储所有数据的完整记录，而是为以太坊生态系统引入了效率和可扩展性的新时代。