比特币面临量子计算威胁，可能需要300天的停机时间来准备

最近的一项研究引起了人们对比特币抵御量子计算潜在威胁的能力的严重担忧，研究表明，这种加密货币可能需要 300 多天的停机时间才能为“量子时代”做好充分准备。

A recent study has raised significant concerns about Bitcoin’s ability to withstand the potential threats posed by quantum computing, revealing that the cryptocurrency could require over 300 days of downtime to adequately prepare for the “quantum era.” This research comes at a time when advances in quantum computing, particularly Google’s development of its new ‘Willow’ quantum chip, are accelerating, causing growing concern within the cryptocurrency and cybersecurity communities.

最近的一项研究引起了人们对比特币抵御量子计算潜在威胁的能力的严重担忧，研究表明，这种加密货币可能需要 300 多天的停机时间才能为“量子时代”做好充分准备。这项研究正值量子计算的进步，特别是谷歌新的“Willow”量子芯片的开发加速之际，引起了加密货币和网络安全社区越来越多的关注。

The Rise of Quantum Computing and Its Impact on Cryptography

量子计算的兴起及其对密码学的影响

The rapid development of quantum computing has sparked widespread discussions about its potential to revolutionize various industries, including technology, medicine, and finance. While quantum computers hold promise for solving complex problems at speeds far beyond the capabilities of classical computers, they also pose a significant threat to the cryptographic security mechanisms that underpin blockchain networks like Bitcoin.

量子计算的快速发展引发了人们对其彻底改变科技、医药和金融等各行业潜力的广泛讨论。虽然量子计算机有望以远远超出经典计算机能力的速度解决复杂问题，但它们也对支撑比特币等区块链网络的加密安全机制构成重大威胁。

Bitcoin, the world’s largest and most established cryptocurrency, relies on cryptographic algorithms such as elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) to secure transactions and safeguard the integrity of the blockchain. However, quantum computers are theoretically capable of breaking these cryptographic systems by quickly solving mathematical problems that would take classical computers thousands of years to crack. This could enable malicious actors to forge transactions, steal funds, and compromise the security of the entire Bitcoin network.

比特币是世界上最大、最成熟的加密货币，依靠椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）等加密算法来确保交易安全并维护区块链的完整性。然而，理论上，量子计算机能够通过快速解决经典计算机需要数千年才能破解的数学问题来破解这些密码系统。这可能使恶意行为者能够伪造交易、窃取资金并危及整个比特币网络的安全。

The Study: Bitcoin May Need 300 Days of Downtime for Quantum Preparation

研究：比特币可能需要 300 天的停机时间来进行量子准备

The study, conducted by a team of researchers, highlights the substantial challenge Bitcoin faces in preparing for the quantum threat. According to the research, Bitcoin’s blockchain would need to undergo extensive modifications to incorporate quantum-resistant cryptography. This process, which involves updating the cryptographic protocols and ensuring that all users adopt the new security measures, could take an estimated 300 days of network downtime.

这项研究由一组研究人员进行，强调了比特币在应对量子威胁方面面临的重大挑战。根据这项研究，比特币的区块链需要进行广泛的修改，以纳入抗量子密码学。此过程涉及更新加密协议并确保所有用户采用新的安全措施，预计可能需要 300 天的网络停机时间。

During this period, Bitcoin users would not be able to conduct transactions or access their funds. This prolonged downtime is required to ensure that the transition to quantum-resistant cryptography is seamless and secure, without leaving the network vulnerable to attacks. The study emphasizes that such a lengthy disruption could have severe consequences for the adoption and stability of Bitcoin, as users and investors may lose confidence in the network’s security and functionality.

在此期间，比特币用户将无法进行交易或访问其资金。需要延长停机时间才能确保无缝且安全地过渡到抗量子密码学，而不会让网络容易受到攻击。该研究强调，如此长时间的中断可能会对比特币的采用和稳定性产生严重后果，因为用户和投资者可能会对网络的安全性和功能失去信心。

Google’s ‘Willow’ Chip and the Urgency of Preparing for Quantum Computers

谷歌的“Willow”芯片和准备量子计算机的紧迫性

The urgency of this issue is further highlighted by recent developments in quantum computing. Google’s unveiling of its ‘Willow’ quantum chip, which is expected to surpass previous models in terms of performance, has intensified concerns that quantum computers could soon be capable of cracking existing cryptographic systems.

量子计算的最新发展进一步凸显了这个问题的紧迫性。谷歌推出的“Willow”量子芯片预计在性能方面将超越之前的型号，这加剧了人们对量子计算机可能很快就能破解现有加密系统的担忧。

Willow’s advancements in quantum processing power bring the threat of quantum decryption closer to reality, accelerating the need for Bitcoin and other blockchain networks to prepare for this potential shift in computing capabilities. Experts have warned that Bitcoin must adopt quantum-resistant cryptography before quantum computers become powerful enough to break its security protocols. The study underscores the critical need for the Bitcoin community to begin implementing quantum-resistant technologies well ahead of time, in order to avoid catastrophic security breaches that could undermine the entire cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Willow 在量子处理能力方面的进步使量子解密的威胁更接近现实，加速了比特币和其他区块链网络为计算能力的潜在转变做好准备的需求。专家警告说，在量子计算机变得强大到足以破坏其安全协议之前，比特币必须采用抗量子密码学。该研究强调，比特币社区迫切需要提前开始实施抗量子技术，以避免可能破坏整个加密货币生态系统的灾难性安全漏洞。

Potential Solutions and the Path Forward

潜在的解决方案和前进的道路

In response to these challenges, several solutions have been proposed to future-proof Bitcoin against quantum attacks. One of the most promising approaches is the implementation of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), which refers to cryptographic algorithms that are believed to be resistant to attacks from quantum computers. The integration of PQC into Bitcoin’s blockchain could safeguard the network from quantum threats while ensuring that transactions remain secure and verifiable.

为了应对这些挑战，人们提出了几种解决方案，使比特币能够抵御未来的量子攻击。最有前途的方法之一是实施后量子密码学（PQC），它指的是被认为可以抵抗量子计算机攻击的密码算法。将 PQC 集成到比特币区块链中可以保护网络免受量子威胁，同时确保交易保持安全和可验证。

However, transitioning to quantum-resistant cryptography is not a simple task. It would require widespread consensus and coordination within the Bitcoin community, as well as significant technical upgrades to the blockchain infrastructure. Developers are already working on quantum-resistant protocols, but the road to full implementation is complex and fraught with challenges.

然而，过渡到抗量子密码学并不是一件简单的任务。这需要比特币社区内的广泛共识和协调，以及对区块链基础设施的重大技术升级。开发人员已经在研究抗量子协议，但全面实施的道路是复杂且充满挑战的。

The study’s findings serve as a wake-up call for the Bitcoin community and the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. As quantum computing continues to advance, the clock is ticking for Bitcoin and other blockchain networks to adopt quantum-resistant cryptography. While the prospect of over 300 days of downtime is daunting, it highlights the importance of taking proactive steps now to prepare for the quantum era.

该研究的结果为比特币社区和更广泛的加密货币生态系统敲响了警钟。随着量子计算的不断发展，比特币和其他区块链网络采用抗量子密码技术的时机已经临近。虽然 300 多天的停机时间令人望而生畏，但这凸显了现在采取积极措施为量子时代做好准备的重要性。

The development of Google’s Willow chip only reinforces the urgency of this issue, as quantum computers are expected to become more powerful in the coming years. By investing in quantum-resistant technologies and collaborating on solutions, the cryptocurrency community can ensure that Bitcoin remains secure and viable in the face of the coming quantum revolution. In the end, the success of Bitcoin’s transition to the quantum era will depend on timely and decisive action by its developers, users, and the broader blockchain ecosystem.

谷歌 Willow 芯片的开发只会加剧这个问题的紧迫性，因为量子计算机预计将在未来几年变得更加强大。通过投资抗量子技术并合作开发解决方案，加密货币社区可以确保比特币在即将到来的量子革命面前保持安全和可行。最终，比特币向量子时代过渡的成功将取决于其开发者、用户和更广泛的区块链生态系统及时而果断的行动。